How to format your references using the Experimental Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experimental Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Keeffe M (2002) Edge effects. Nature 419:28–29

A journal article with 2 authors

Boots M, Mealor M (2007) Local interactions select for lower pathogen infectivity. Science 315:1284–1286

A journal article with 3 authors

Petsch ST, Eglington TI, Edwards KJ (2001) 14C-dead living biomass: evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic carbon during shale weathering. Science 292:1127–1131

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Douglas S, Zauner S, Fraunholz M, et al (2001) The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus. Nature 410:1091–1096

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith CL (2010) Advanced Process Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bikakis A, Fodor P, Roman D (2014) Rules on the Web. From Theory to Applications: 8th International Symposium, RuleML 2014, Co-located with the 21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2014, Prague, Czech Republic, August 18-20, 2014. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Öchsner A, Öchsner M (2016) Plane Elements. In: Öchsner M (ed) The Finite Element Analysis Program MSC Marc/Mentat: A First Introduction. Springer, Singapore, pp 67–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experimental Mechanics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Beer Waste Used To Make Bones. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/beer-waste-used-make-bones/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Civilian Agencies’ Management and Use of Aircraft. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kramer KA (2010) System for Identifying Plankton from the SIPPER Instrument Platform. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2017) U.S. Sues UnitedHealth Over Medicare Charges. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Experimental Mechanics
Abbreviation	Exp. Mech.
ISSN (print)	0014-4851
ISSN (online)	1741-2765
Scope	Aerospace Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials