How to format your references using the Experimental Astronomy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experimental Astronomy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

White, T.W.: Unique and redundant connexin contributions to lens development. Science. 295, 319–320 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Fialko, Y., Pearse, J.: Sombrero uplift above the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body: evidence of a ballooning mid-crustal diapir. Science. 338, 250–252 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Bezryadin, A., Lau, C.N., Tinkham, M.: Quantum suppression of superconductivity in ultrathin nanowires. Nature. 404, 971–974 (2000)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Carrelha, J., Meng, Y., Kettyle, L.M., Luis, T.C., Norfo, R., Alcolea, V., Boukarabila, H., Grasso, F., Gambardella, A., Grover, A., Högstrand, K., Lord, A.M., Sanjuan-Pla, A., Woll, P.S., Nerlov, C., Jacobsen, S.E.W.: Hierarchically related lineage-restricted fates of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 554, 106–111 (2018)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wong, K.D.: Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011)

An edited book

Degano, P., Guttman, J., Martinelli, F. eds: Formal Aspects in Security and Trust: 5th International Workshop, FAST 2008 Malaga, Spain, October 9-10, 2008 Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)

A chapter in an edited book

Granberg, T.A.: Preparedness Measures for Emergency and Disaster Response. In: Zeimpekis, V., Ichoua, S., and Minis, I. (eds.) Humanitarian and Relief Logistics: Research Issues, Case Studies and Future Trends. pp. 59–75. Springer, New York, NY (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experimental Astronomy.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: The ‘Train Wreck’ Continues: Another Social Science Retraction, https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/train-wreck-continues-another-social-science-retraction/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Factors Affecting Revenue Forecast Accuracy and Realizing Future FAA Expenditures. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2012)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Penix-Tadsen, P.: Marketing marginality: Resistance and commodification in contemporary Latin American cultural production, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Whiteside, K.: With City Passing By in a Blur, a Star Adds Yet Another Title, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Experimental Astronomy
Abbreviation	Exp. Astron.
ISSN (print)	0922-6435
ISSN (online)	1572-9508
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics