How to format your references using the European Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sabeti P (2011) Genome-sequencing anniversary. The landscape of human evolution. Science 331:690

A journal article with 2 authors

Fong YW, Zhou Q (2001) Stimulatory effect of splicing factors on transcriptional elongation. Nature 414:929–933

A journal article with 3 authors

Catteruccia F, Godfray HCJ, Crisanti A (2003) Impact of genetic manipulation on the fitness of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Science 299:1225–1227

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Salvador JR, Guo F, Hogan T, Kanatzidis MG (2003) Zero thermal expansion in YbGaGe due to an electronic valence transition. Nature 425:702–705

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Çapin TK, Pandzic IS, Magnenat-Thalmann N, Thalmann D (2001) Avatars in Networked Virtual Environments. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Jayyusi L, Roald AS (2016) Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World: A Decade of Change. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Economopoulos KJ (2014) The Role of Femoroacetabular Impingement in the Etiology of Athletic Pubalgia and Sports Hernias. In: Diduch DR, Brunt LM (eds) Sports Hernia and Athletic Pubalgia: Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 55–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Radiology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) No, This Isn’t An Alien. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/desperate-animal-sunbear-not-alien/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Telecommunications: FTS 2000 Cost Comparison. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nelson AF (2014) Anxiety in the process of individuation. An in-depth psychological study. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) New Focus on the Effects of Life Tenure. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Radiology
Abbreviation	Eur. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0938-7994
ISSN (online)	1432-1084
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging