How to format your references using the European Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman M (2007) When the party’s over. Nature 445:13

A journal article with 2 authors

Head JJ, Polly PD (2015) Evolution of the snake body form reveals homoplasy in amniote Hox gene function. Nature 520:86–89

A journal article with 3 authors

Våge S, Storesund JE, Thingstad TF (2013) SAR11 viruses and defensive host strains. Nature 499:E3-4

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Simoncini T, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Brazil DP, et al (2000) Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase. Nature 407:538–541

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prud’Homme R (2014) Flows and Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Mixtures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Pereira AW, Mattei L (2016) The Brazilian Economy Today: Towards a New Socio-Economic Model? Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Marshall JD (2007) Problematization or Methodology. In: Smeyers P, Depaepe M (eds) Educational Research: Why ‘What Works’ Doesn’t Work. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 81–94

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Theft Of DNA Samples Raises Questions On Ownership Of Genetic Information. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) President’s Fifth Special Message for FY 1983. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene GL (2015) An Analysis of the Comparison between Classroom Grades Earned with a Standards-Based Grading System and Grade-Level Assessment Scores as Measured by the Missouri Assessment Program. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM (2017) Online Upstarts Seek to Shake Up Used-Car Buying. New York Times B6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	Eur. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1867-4569
ISSN (online)	1867-4577
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health