How to format your references using the European Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ploegh HL (2004) Immunology. Nothing ’gainst time’s scythe can make defense. Science 304:1262–1263

A journal article with 2 authors

Lau WCY, Rubinstein JL (2011) Subnanometre-resolution structure of the intact Thermus thermophilus H+-driven ATP synthase. Nature 481:214–218

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryk R, Griffin P, Nathan C (2000) Peroxynitrite reductase activity of bacterial peroxiredoxins. Nature 407:211–215

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu J, Deng Q, Tao D, et al (2014) Preparation of protein imprinted materials by hierarchical imprinting techniques and application in selective depletion of albumin from human serum. Sci Rep 4:5487

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jeong H (2014) Architectures for Computer Vision. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Singapore

An edited book

Rebstock M (2008) Ontologies-Based Business Integration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Soto-Sanfiel MT (2015) The Creative Manipulation of Time Through Digital Personal Narratives. In: Zagalo N, Branco P (eds) Creativity in the Digital Age. Springer, London, pp 75–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Stem Cells From Pregnant Women Could Reverse Aging In Bones. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Vocational Education: Status in 2-Year Colleges in 1990-91 and Early Signs of Change. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rehan TY (2016) Analysis of Life-Cycle Cost, Properties, and Field Performance of Parking Lot Pavements. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Astros Run Wild Against Syndergaard and d’Arnaud. New York Times D5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	Eur. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1867-4569
ISSN (online)	1867-4577
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health