How to format your references using the European Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rowlett P (2011) The unplanned impact of mathematics. Nature 475:166–169

A journal article with 2 authors

Sack FD, Chen J-G (2009) Plant science. Pores in place. Science 323:592–593

A journal article with 3 authors

Mackenzie RB, Dewberry CT, Leopold KR (2015) SULFUR CHEMISTRY. Gas phase observation and microwave spectroscopic characterization of formic sulfuric anhydride. Science 349:58–61

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yuwen L, Zhang F-L, Chen Q-H, et al (2013) The role of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in bacillamide C biosynthesis by Bacillus atrophaeus C89. Sci Rep 3:1753

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dewulf G, Blanken A, Bult-Spiering M (2012) Strategic Issues in Public-Private Partnerships. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sasaki R, Qing S, Okamoto E, Yoshiura H (2005) Security and Privacy in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing: IFIP TC11 20th International Information Security Conference May 30 – June 1, 2005, Chiba, Japan. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Tagariello G, Radossi P (2008) Orthopedic Surgery in HIV-Positive Hemophiliac Patients. In: Caviglia HA, Solimeno LP (eds) Orthopedic Surgery in Patients with Hemophilia. Springer, Milano, pp 23–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Curiosity Snaps A Blue Sunset On Mars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/curiosity-snaps-blue-sunset-mars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) S. 1657 and H.R. 4564, Research and Development Acts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Byrd ML (2012) Investigating an Afterschool Program for Black Teenage Males Designed to Increase Self-Efficacy. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Smallwood C (2015) On Edge. New York Times M2226

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	Eur. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1867-4569
ISSN (online)	1867-4577
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health