How to format your references using the European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (EJPRM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Perkel JM. The Trouble with Reference Rot. Nature 2015;521:111–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pouille F, Scanziani M. Enforcement of Temporal Fidelity in Pyramidal Cells by Somatic Feed-Forward Inhibition. Science 2001;293:1159–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Flachsova M, Sindelka R, Kubista M. Single Blastomere Expression Profiling of Xenopus Laevis Embryos of 8 to 32-Cells Reveals Developmental Asymmetry. Sci Rep 2013;3:2278.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Al Ahmad M, Mustafa F, Ali LM, Rizvi TA. Virus Detection and Quantification Using Electrical Parameters. Sci Rep 2014;4:6831.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Asif SZ. Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

1. Veeravalli B. Distributed Multimedia Retrieval Strategies for Large Scale Networked Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bog A, Sachs K, Zeier A, Plattner H. Normalization in a Mixed OLTP and OLAP Workload Scenario. In: Nambiar R, Poess M (editors). Topics in Performance Evaluation, Measurement and Characterization: Third TPC Technology Conference, TPCTC 2011, Seattle, WA, USA, August 29-September 3, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p.67–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Most Antidepressant Medications Don’t Work For Children And Teens, Claims Study [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/most-antidepressant-medications-dont-work-for-children-and-teens-claims-study/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: USDA Faces Tremendous Challenges in Ensuring That Vital Public Services Are Not Disrupted. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Alvandipour M. Thermographic Image Analysis with Gabor Filters. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Forsythe M. A Missing Tycoon’s Links to Dalian Wanda, China’s Troubled Conglomerate. 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
ISSN (print)	1973-9087
ISSN (online)	1973-9095
Scope