How to format your references using the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alberts, B. (2012). The breakthroughs of 2012. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6114), 1511.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vidale, J. E., & Earle, P. S. (2000). Fine-scale heterogeneity in the Earth’s inner core. Nature, 404(6775), 273–275.

A journal article with 3 authors

Robinson, G. E., Fernald, R. D., & Clayton, D. F. (2008). Genes and social behavior. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5903), 896–900.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chen, D., Cane, M. A., Kaplan, A., Zebiak, S. E., & Huang, D. (2004). Predictability of El Niño over the past 148 years. Nature, 428(6984), 733–736.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glasgow, L. A. (2014). Applied Mathematics for Science and Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cameron, D. (2016). Gender, Power and Political Speech: Women and Language in the 2015 UK General Election. (S. Shaw, Ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Dillon, M. E. (2014). Adolescent Pregnancy and Mental Health. In A. L. Cherry & M. E. Dillon (Eds.), International Handbook of Adolescent Pregnancy: Medical, Psychosocial, and Public Health Responses (pp. 79–102). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, November 29). World War I Antiseptic Could Be Revived To Treat Superbugs. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/world-war-i-antiseptic-could-be-revived-to-treat-superbugs/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). District of Columbia Draft Emergency Supplemental Funding Request for District of Columbia Public Schools (No. HEHS-97-116R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wrobleski, M. M. (2010). The challenge of teen nutrition: An ecological view of socio-cognitive influences on urban, African-American adolescent diet quality (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2016, March 18). Slow-Motion Pension Crisis Awaits 20 Nations, a Study Finds. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Alberts 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Alberts 2012; Vidale and Earle 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vidale and Earle 2000)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Crim. Pol. Res.
ISSN (print)	0928-1371
ISSN (online)	1572-9869
Scope	Law