How to format your references using the European Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Turner DL. Space science: Near-Earth space shows its stripes. Nature 2014;507:308–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Solanki SK, Krivova NA. Astronomy. Analyzing solar cycles. Science 2011;334:916–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Alves JF, Lada CJ, Lada EA. Internal structure of a cold dark molecular cloud inferred from the extinction of background starlight. Nature 2001;409:159–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bennett EJ, Shaler TA, Woodman B, Ryu K-Y, Zaitseva TS, Becker CH, et al. Global changes to the ubiquitin system in Huntington’s disease. Nature 2007;448:704–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Grous A. Applied Metrology for Manufacturing Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Das VV, Ariwa E, Rahayu SB, editors. Signal Processing and Information Technology: First International Joint Conference, SPIT 2011 and IPC 2011, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December 1-2, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hassan MM, Poo KH. Handover Latency Reduction Using Integrated Solution Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6. In: Özcan A, Zizka J, Nagamalai D, editors. Recent Trends in Wireless and Mobile Networks: Third International Conferences, WiMo 2011 and CoNeCo 2011, Ankara, Turkey, June 26-28, 2011. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. Nearly All Illegal Elephant Ivory Smuggled Out Of Africa Is From Recent Kills. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nearly-all-illegal-elephant-ivory-smuggled-out-africa-recent-kills/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Project SAFECOM: Key Cross-Agency Emergency Communications Effort Requires Stronger Collaboration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Child RJ. The evolution of BARREN INFLORESCENCE1 and related AUX/IAA genes in angiosperms. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Lee L. Ducking In and Out. New York Times 2009:ST4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0748-7983
Scope	General Medicine Oncology Surgery