How to format your references using the European Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Koshland DE Jr. Crazy, but correct. Nature 2004;432:447.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Parvatiyar K, Harhaj EW. Cell signaling. Anchors away for ubiquitin chains. Science 2010;328:1244–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chuck AL, Turner SM, Liss PS. Direct evidence for a marine source of C1 and C2 alkyl nitrates. Science 2002;297:1151–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Pappalardo L, D’Auria L, Cavallo A, Fiore S. Petrological and seismic precursors of the paroxysmal phase of the last Vesuvius eruption on March 1944. Sci Rep 2014;4:6297.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Esch GW. Ecological Parasitology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Villmann T, Schleif F-M, Kaden M, Lange M, editors. Advances in Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop, WSOM 2014, Mittweida, Germany, July, 2-4, 2014. vol. 295. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Clariana RB. Multi-decision Approaches for Eliciting Knowledge Structure. In: Ifenthaler D, Pirnay-Dummer P, Seel NM, editors. Computer-Based Diagnostics and Systematic Analysis of Knowledge, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010, p. 41–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. FDA-Approved Treatment Could Be Effective Against Drug-Resistant Brain Tumors In Children. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fda-approved-treatment-could-be-effective-against-drug-resistant-brain-tumors/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DOD Space Systems: Additional Knowledge Would Better Support Decisions about Disaggregating Large Satellites. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Roche WA. The Structure and Grounding of Epistemic Justification. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Grundfest JA, Lemley MA, Triantis GG. Getting More Bang for the Fed’s Buck. New York Times 2012:A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0748-7983
Scope	General Medicine Oncology Surgery