How to format your references using the European Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Albarède F. Volatile accretion history of the terrestrial planets and dynamic implications. Nature 2009;461:1227–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rakoff-Nahoum S, Comstock LE. Immunology: Starve a fever, feed the microbiota. Nature 2014;514:576–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed direct arylation. Science 2012;337:1644–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science 2002;298:2381–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Baldwin D, Birkett J, Facey O, Rabey G. The Forensic Examination and Interpretation of Tool Marks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Perner P, editor. Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects: 16th Industrial Conference, ICDM 2016, New York, NY, USA, July 13-17, 2016. Proceedings. vol. 9728. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fuller CE, Narendra S, Tolicica I. Ependymal Tumors. In: Adesina AM, Tihan T, Fuller CE, Poussaint TY, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Brain Tumors, New York, NY: Springer; 2010, p. 47–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. This Year’s Ig Nobel Prize Winners Are As Bonkers As Ever. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-years-ig-nobel-prize-winners-bonkers-ever/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Department of Education: Information Needs Are at the Core of Management Challenges Facing the Department. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Williams K. Riot Bias: A Textual Analysis of Pussy Riot’s Coverage in Russian and American Media. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Schwartz J. A Climate Change Evangelist. New York Times 2016:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0748-7983
Scope	General Medicine Oncology Surgery