How to format your references using the European Journal of Radiology Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Radiology Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Ahlquist, RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, viruses, and RNA silencing, Science. 296 (2002) 1270–1273.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Mochida, T. Hunt, Calcineurin is required to release Xenopus egg extracts from meiotic M phase, Nature. 449 (2007) 336–340.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.V. Vega, G. Avila, G. Matthews, Interaction between the transcriptional corepressor Sin3B and voltage-gated sodium channels modulates functional channel expression, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2809.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Chworos, I. Severcan, A.Y. Koyfman, P. Weinkam, E. Oroudjev, H.G. Hansma, L. Jaeger, Building programmable jigsaw puzzles with RNA, Science. 306 (2004) 2068–2072.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Levene, An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

J. Byrnes, ed., Imaging for Detection and Identification, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Silfwerbrand, H. Beushausen, L. Courard, Bond, in: B. Bissonnette, L. Courard, D.W. Fowler, J.-L. Granju (Eds.), Bonded Cement-Based Material Overlays for the Repair, the Lining or the Strengthening of Slabs or Pavements: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 193-RLS, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 51–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Radiology Open.

Blog post

[1]

B. Taub, Researchers Reverse Aging In Mice By Triggering Embryonic Genes, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-reverse-aging-mice-triggering-embryonic-genes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Intercollegiate Athletics: Revenues and Expenses, Gender and Minority Profiles, and Compensation in Athletic Departments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.S. Ochoa-Bontemps, Rebuilding the Broken Mirror: An Imaginal Approach to the Multicultural Self, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. St. John Kelly, You Won’t Believe This, But Marcia Brady Is in Prada, New York Times. (2001) G3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Radiology Open
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Radiol. Open
ISSN (print)	2352-0477
Scope

Research and Writing Guides