How to format your references using the European Journal of Radiology Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Radiology Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Harper, Economic and social implications of aging societies, Science 346 (2014) 587–591.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Hall, R.J. Stouffer, An abrupt climate event in a coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation without external forcing, Nature 409 (2001) 171–174.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Hu, A. Hashmi, J. Hong, Transparent half metallic g-C4N3 nanotubes: potential multifunctional applications for spintronics and optical devices, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6059.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Qiu, J. Audet, G. Wong, L. Fernando, A. Bello, S. Pillet, J.B. Alimonti, G.P. Kobinger, Sustained protection against Ebola virus infection following treatment of infected nonhuman primates with ZMAb, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3365.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

I. Moir, A.G. Seabridge, Military Avionics Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

S.G. Krantz, A Mathematical Odyssey: Journey from the Real to the Complex, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.A. Daniels, M.C. Bradley, Averted School Rampages, in: M.C. Bradley (Ed.), Preventing Lethal School Violence, Springer, New York, NY, 2011: pp. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Radiology Open.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Biohybrid Robo Sea Slug Developed That Could Help Search For Black Boxes, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/technology/biohybrid-robo-sea-slug-developed-that-could-help-search-for-black-boxes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Education and Care: Early Childhood Programs and Services for Low-Income Families, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Lopez, A community-based outreach program for Latinos in Los Angeles County supporting mental health awareness and treatment: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Joy, Danger: Earrings Ahead!, New York Times (2013) E7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Radiology Open
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Radiol. Open
ISSN (print)	2352-0477
Scope