How to format your references using the European Journal of Radiology Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Radiology Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.J. Geller, Shake-up time for Japanese seismology, Nature. 472 (2011) 407–409.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E. Gerde, M. Marder, Friction and fracture, Nature. 413 (2001) 285–288.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K.H. Nam, I.H. Park, S.H. Ko, Patterning by controlled cracking, Nature. 485 (2012) 221–224.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Ravasz, A.L. Somera, D.A. Mongru, Z.N. Oltvai, A.L. Barabási, Hierarchical organization of modularity in metabolic networks, Science. 297 (2002) 1551–1555.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P.R. Niven, Balanced Scorecard Evolution, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

A. Visioli, Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time, Springer, London, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Bhandare, A. Eisbruch, P.J. Antonelli, W.M. Mendenhall, Radiation-Induced Ototoxicity, in: P. Rubin, L.S. Constine, L.B. Marks (Eds.), ALERT • Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment: Volume 2: Normal Tissue Specific Sites and Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014: pp. 109–139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Radiology Open.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Japan Launches Spacecraft To Practice Removing Space Junk From Orbit, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/japan-space-space-junk-tether/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, OPM Retirement Modernization: Longstanding Information Technology Management Weaknesses Need to Be Addressed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.V. Steers, Releasing from the inside out: The development of the role of Helene in “Festen,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. St. John Kelly, Mariners, Still Playing for Guts, Glory and No Pay, Near a Title, New York Times. (1997) 1410.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Radiology Open
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Radiol. Open
ISSN (print)	2352-0477
Scope