How to format your references using the European Journal of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tobias, P.V. (2003). Paleoanthropology. Encore Olduvai. Science 299, 1193–1194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Akbalik, G., Schuman, E.M. (2014). Molecular biology. mRNA, live and unmasked. Science 343, 375–376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shanavas, K.V., Parker, D., Singh, D.J. (2014). Theoretical study on the role of dynamics on the unusual magnetic properties in MnBi. Sci Rep 4, 7222.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Ciccone, D.N., Su, H., Hevi, S., Gay, F., Lei, H., Bajko, J., Xu, G., Li, E., Chen, T. (2009). KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal genomic imprints. Nature 461, 415–418.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kramer, A., Legeard, B. (2016). Model-Based Testing Essentials (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc).

An edited book

Borel, A. (2006). Compactifications of Symmetric and Locally Symmetric Spaces (Boston, MA: Birkhäuser).

A chapter in an edited book

Grandcolas, P. (2015). Adaptation. In Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences, T. Heams, P. Huneman, G. Lecointre, and M. Silberstein, eds. (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), pp. 77–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Pain.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). US Military Screwed Up And Accidentally Sent Live Anthrax to Labs (IFLScience).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011). Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children: Federal Support for Developing Language and Literacy (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ilag, G.M. (2014). An examination of the entity participants’ collaborative partnerships within the United Nations Global Compact. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mumford, S. (1960). Article 6 -- No Title. New York Times MagazineSM79.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tobias, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Akbalik and Schuman, 2014; Tobias, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Akbalik and Schuman, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Ciccone et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Pain
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Pain
ISSN (print)	1090-3801
ISSN (online)	1532-2149
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine