How to format your references using the European Journal of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Victor, P. (2010). Questioning economic growth. Nature 468, 370–371.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wickens, M., Goldstrohm, A. (2003). Molecular biology. A place to die, a place to sleep. Science 300, 753–755.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rossi, D.J., Oshima, T., Attwell, D. (2000). Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake. Nature 403, 316–321.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Hay, S.I., Cox, J., Rogers, D.J., Randolph, S.E., Stern, D.I., Shanks, G.D., Myers, M.F., Snow, R.W. (2002). Climate change and the resurgence of malaria in the East African highlands. Nature 415, 905–909.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Demaria, C. (2013). Introduction to Private Equity (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd).

An edited book

(2007). Building Supply Chain Excellence in Emerging Economies (Boston, MA: Springer US).

A chapter in an edited book

Dincer, I., Hogerwaard, J., Zamfirescu, C. (2016). Potential Fuel Options. In Clean Rail Transportation Options, J. Hogerwaard, and C. Zamfirescu, eds. (Cham: Springer International Publishing), pp. 75–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Pain.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). If You Want Your Child To Bring Home Better Grades, Stop Yelling And Try This (IFLScience).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007). Highlights of a Forum: Health Care 20 Years From Now--Taking Steps Today to Meet Tomorrow’s Challenges (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nam, S. (2010). A method for teaching jazz improvisation to beginning pianists in a group setting. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, K. (2017). Edge or Liability? New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Victor, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Victor, 2010; Wickens and Goldstrohm, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wickens and Goldstrohm, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Hay et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Pain
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Pain
ISSN (print)	1090-3801
ISSN (online)	1532-2149
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine