How to format your references using the European Journal of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hough, S.E. (2009). Journal club. A seismologist considers a new method of earthquake prediction. Nature 457, 767.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shlomai, A., Rice, C.M. (2014). Virology. Getting rid of a persistent troublemaker to cure hepatitis. Science 343, 1212–1213.

A journal article with 3 authors

D’Orazio, D.J., Haiman, Z., Schiminovich, D. (2015). Relativistic boost as the cause of periodicity in a massive black-hole binary candidate. Nature 525, 351–353.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Qian, C., You, W., Xie, D., Yu, D. (2014). Turion morphological responses to water nutrient concentrations and plant density in the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus. Sci Rep 4, 7079.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lagraña, F. (2016). E-mail and Behavioral Changes (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

An edited book

(2014). Predicting Real World Behaviors from Virtual World Data (Cham: Springer International Publishing).

A chapter in an edited book

Neumann, S., van Teeseling, M.C.F., van Niftrik, L. (2013). Cell Biology of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria: Unique Prokaryotes with an Energy-Conserving Intracellular Compartment. In Planctomycetes: Cell Structure, Origins and Biology, J.A. Fuerst, ed. (Totowa, NJ: Humana Press), pp. 89–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Pain.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016). Scientists Just Captured Something Extraordinary At The Moment Of Fertilization (IFLScience).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983). Status of FCC Efforts To Allocate Costs Between Telephone Companies’ Regulated and Unregulated Activities (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Andrade, N.A. (2008). Environmental fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in agricultural soils which have received biosolids application. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2016). Rally, and a Favorable Schedule, Lift the Mets’ Hopes. New York Times D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hough, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Hough, 2009; Shlomai and Rice, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shlomai and Rice, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Qian et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Pain
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Pain
ISSN (print)	1090-3801
ISSN (online)	1532-2149
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine