How to format your references using the European Journal of Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klar, Amar J. S. 2002. “Fibonacci’s Flowers.” Nature 417 (6889): 595.

A journal article with 2 authors

Teruel, Mary N., and Tobias Meyer. 2002. “Parallel Single-Cell Monitoring of Receptor-Triggered Membrane Translocation of a Calcium-Sensing Protein Module.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5561): 1910–1912.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shen, Pin-Chun, Ming-Shiun Lin, and Ching-Fuh Lin. 2014. “Environmentally Benign Technology for Efficient Warm-White Light Emission.” Scientific Reports 4 (June): 5307.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Castellone, Maria Domenica, Hidemi Teramoto, Bart O. Williams, Kirk M. Druey, and J. Silvio Gutkind. 2005. “Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Growth through a Gs-Axin-Beta-Catenin Signaling Axis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310 (5753): 1504–1510.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lißner, Karin, and Wolfgang Rug. 2016. Der Eurocode 5 Für Deutschland Eurocode 5: Bemessung Und Konstruktion von Holzbauten. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Stephens, Matt. 2010. Design Driven Testing: Test Smarter, Not Harder. Edited by Doug Rosenberg. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Skyrms, Brian. 2006. “Discovering ‘Weight, or the Value of Knowledge.’” In Cambridge and Vienna: Frank P. Ramsey and the Vienna Circle, edited by Maria Carla Galavotti, 55–65. Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [2004]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “How A Hacker Could Hijack A Plane From Their Seat.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-hacker-could-hijack-plane-their-seat/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1986. Educating Deaf Students at Federally Assisted Postsecondary Schools. 129130. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Torres, Nhordia. 2012. “Do Family Nurse Practitioner Students Understand the Physiological Changes Associated with Andropause in Men over Forty?” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee, Linda. 2013. “Bring On The Wind And Water.” New York Times, August 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Klar 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Klar 2002; Teruel and Meyer 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Teruel and Meyer 2002)
Three authors: (Shen, Lin, and Lin 2014)
4 or more authors: (Castellone et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Higher Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	2156-8235
ISSN (online)	2156-8243
Scope