How to format your references using the European Journal of Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klug, D. D. 2001. “Thermodynamics. Glassy Water.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 294 (5550): 2305–2306.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hilf, Ricarda J. C., and Raimund Dutzler. 2009. “Structure of a Potentially Open State of a Proton-Activated Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel.” Nature 457 (7225): 115–118.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bourgeois, Christine, Benedita Rocha, and Corinne Tanchot. 2002. “A Role for CD40 Expression on CD8+ T Cells in the Generation of CD8+ T Cell Memory.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5589): 2060–2063.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Donley, Elizabeth A., Neil R. Claussen, Sarah T. Thompson, and Carl E. Wieman. 2002. “Atom-Molecule Coherence in a Bose-Einstein Condensate.” Nature 417 (6888): 529–533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Desmond, Kathleen K. 2011. Ideas about Art. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Gramoli, Vincent, and Rachid Guerraoui, eds. 2013. Networked Systems: First International Conference, NETYS 2013, Marrakech, Morocco, May 2-4, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Vol. 7853. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lalonde, Trent L. 2015. “Modeling Time-Dependent Covariates in Longitudinal Data Analyses.” In Innovative Statistical Methods for Public Health Data, edited by Ding-Geng (din) Chen and Jeffrey Wilson, 57–79. ICSA Book Series in Statistics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Higher Education.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. 2015. “Earth Used To Be Orange.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/earth-used-look-orange/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2011. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Linking Test Facilities Can Help Leverage Resources and Improve Technology Transfer Efforts. GAO-12-187T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Copeland, Eric J. 2010. “A Grant Proposal for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, John. 2017. “Opening Up About a Closed World.” New York Times, July 9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Klug 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Klug 2001; Hilf and Dutzler 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hilf and Dutzler 2009)
Three authors: (Bourgeois, Rocha, and Tanchot 2002)
4 or more authors: (Donley et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Higher Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	2156-8235
ISSN (online)	2156-8243
Scope