How to format your references using the European Journal of Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mitchell, Kevin. 2010. “Journal Club. A Neurodevelopmental Geneticist Explores How One Mutation Can Lead to Multiple Diseases.” Nature 464 (7292): 1107.

A journal article with 2 authors

McCauley, David W., and Marianne Bronner-Fraser. 2006. “Importance of SoxE in Neural Crest Development and the Evolution of the Pharynx.” Nature 441 (7094): 750–752.

A journal article with 3 authors

Holmberg, J., D. L. Clarke, and J. Frisén. 2000. “Regulation of Repulsion versus Adhesion by Different Splice Forms of an Eph Receptor.” Nature 408 (6809): 203–206.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Douglas, Shawn M., Hendrik Dietz, Tim Liedl, Björn Högberg, Franziska Graf, and William M. Shih. 2009. “Self-Assembly of DNA into Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Shapes.” Nature 459 (7245): 414–418.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vitetta, Giorgio M., Desmond P. Taylor, Giulio Colavolpe, Fabrizio Pancaldi, and Philippa A. Martin. 2013. Wireless Communications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Frazier, A. Lindsay, and James F. Amatruda, eds. 2014. Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: Biology Treatment Survivorship. Vol. 1. Pediatric Oncology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nie, Janping, Yueying Qian, and Nan Cui. 2012. “Enhanced Mirror Adaptive Random Testing Based on I/O Relation Analysis.” In Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Theory and Practice: Volume 1, edited by Yanwen Wu, 33–47. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Near Earth And Far Away, It’s Been An Exciting Year In Space.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/near-earth-and-far-away-it-s-been-exciting-year-space/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Diffusing Innovations: Implementing the Technology Transfer Act of 1986. PEMD-91-23. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanchez, Gloria. 2010. “An Educational Program to Support Latina Teen Mothers: A Grant Proposal Project.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2016. “Cubs Pull Even as the Indians’ Play Proves Sloppier Than the Weather.” New York Times, October 27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mitchell 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Mitchell 2010; McCauley and Bronner-Fraser 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (McCauley and Bronner-Fraser 2006)
Three authors: (Holmberg, Clarke, and Frisén 2000)
4 or more authors: (Douglas et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Higher Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	2156-8235
ISSN (online)	2156-8243
Scope