How to format your references using the European Journal of Heart Failure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Heart Failure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schoener TW. The newest synthesis: understanding the interplay of evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Science 2011;331:426–429.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kiberstis P, Marshall E. Cancer crusade at 40. Celebrating an anniversary. Introduction. Science 2011;331:1539.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharma BR, Manjanath A, Singh AK. Pentahexoctite: a new two-dimensional allotrope of carbon. Sci Rep 2014;4:7164.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wei X, Wang S, Chen Q, Peng L. Breakdown of Richardson’s law in electron emission from individual self-Joule-heated carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2014;4:5102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holt J. The Ultimate Daily Show and Philosophy. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Marković D. DSP Architecture Design Essentials. Brodersen RW, ed. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee YP, Rhee JY, Yoo YJ, Kim KW. Broadband and Tunable MMPA. In: Rhee JY, Yoo YJ, Kim KW, eds. Metamaterials for Perfect Absorption. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p113–141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Heart Failure.

Blog post

Carpineti C. The Finalists From The Sony World Photography Awards 2017 Are Absolutely Astonishing. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-finalists-from-the-sony-world-photography-awards-2017-are-absolutely-astonishing/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Contracting for Information Technology Services

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ackerina J. The call of public service: Motivation and professional commitment in education

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Candaele K. Mom Was in a League of Her Own. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Heart Failure
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Heart Fail.
ISSN (print)	1388-9842
ISSN (online)	1879-0844
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine