How to format your references using the European Journal of Heart Failure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Heart Failure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gong P. Cultural history holds back Chinese research. Nature 2012;481:411.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peppe DJ, Royer DL. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE. Can climate feel the pressure? Science 2015;348:1210–1211.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitney D, Westwood DA, Goodale MA. The influence of visual motion on fast reaching movements to a stationary object. Nature 2003;423:869–873.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Li J, Liu M, Zong J, Tan P, Wang J, Wang X, Ye Y, Liu S, Liu X. Genetic variations in IL1A and IL1RN are associated with the risk of preeclampsia in Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2014;4:5250.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liphard KG. Labormanagement. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2014.

An edited book

Fleishman GD. Cosmic Electrodynamics: Electrodynamics and Magnetic Hydrodynamics of Cosmic Plasmas. Toptygin IN, ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Malik T, Gehani A, Tariq D, Zaffar F. Sketching Distributed Data Provenance. In: Liu Q, Bai Q, Giugni S, Williamson D, Taylor J, eds. Data Provenance and Data Management in eScience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p85–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Heart Failure.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Psychologist Reveals The 9 Most Common Dreams And What They Mean. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/psychologist-reveals-the-9-most-common-dreams-and-what-they-mean/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Pell Grants: Who Receives Them and What Would Larger Grants Cost?

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sherman LJ. Bridging the attachment transmission gap with maternal mind-mindedness and infant temperament

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Nassau to Transfer 9 Parks And 12 Roads to Town. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Heart Failure
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Heart Fail.
ISSN (print)	1388-9842
ISSN (online)	1879-0844
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine