How to format your references using the European Journal of Heart Failure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Heart Failure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hardin LS. Meetings that changed the world: Bellagio 1969: The green revolution. Nature 2008;455:470–471.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsai L, Barnea G. A critical period defined by axon-targeting mechanisms in the murine olfactory bulb. Science 2014;344:197–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

Blomster JP, Neff H, Glascock MD. Olmec pottery production and export in ancient Mexico determined through elemental analysis. Science 2005;307:1068–1072.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Kmita M, Tarchini B, Zàkàny J, Logan M, Tabin CJ, Duboule D. Early developmental arrest of mammalian limbs lacking HoxA/HoxD gene function. Nature 2005;435:1113–1116.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rim CT, Mi C. Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles and Mobile Devices. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Biza I. Research on Teaching and Learning Mathematics at the Tertiary Level: State-of-the-art and Looking Ahead. Giraldo V, Hochmuth R, Khakbaz AS, Rasmussen C, eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Toepfer G. The Concept of Life in Synthetic Biology. In: Engelhard M, ed. Synthetic Biology Analysed: Tools for Discussion and Evaluation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p71–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Heart Failure.

Blog post

Andrew E. US Permits Arctic Drilling, But Questions About Safety Remain. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/us-permits-arctic-drilling-questions-about-safety-remain/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Strategic Sourcing: Opportunities Exist to Better Manage Information Technology Services Spending

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wizda LL. A case study of online peer coaching of consultant communication skill development

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr. 24 Years Later, DNA Leads To Arrest in Attack on Girl. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Heart Failure
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Heart Fail.
ISSN (print)	1388-9842
ISSN (online)	1879-0844
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine