How to format your references using the European Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444:860–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fernandes VM, Desplan C. Neurobiology: Inversion in the worm. Nature. 2015;523:44–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Binshtok AM, Bean BP, Woolf CJ. Inhibition of nociceptors by TRPV1-mediated entry of impermeant sodium channel blockers. Nature. 2007;449:607–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang Z, Shen J, Wang H, Liu M, Wu L, Ping F, et al. Attenuation of veterinary antibiotics in full-scale vermicomposting of swine manure via the housefly larvae (Musca domestica). Sci Rep. 2014;4:6844.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. El-Reedy MA. Project Management in the Oil and Gas Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Jacob C, Pilat ML, Bentley PJ, Timmis JI, editors. Artificial Immune Systems: 4th International Conference, ICARIS 2005, Banff, Alberta, Canada, August 14-17, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gärtner C, Ortmann G. Recursiveness: Relations between Bodies, Metaphors, Organizations and Institutions. In: Weik E, Walgenbach P, editors. Institutions Inc. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 94–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Man Who Fell Into Yellowstone Hot Spring Completely Dissolved Within A Day. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: External Tank Procurement Does Not Comply With Competition in Contracting Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Dec. Report No.: NSIAD-89-62.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mande M. Sisyphus’s Fault: How the Shifting Terrain of a Changing Institution Makes Curriculum Reform an “Impossible Task” [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Paulson M. ‘King Kong’ Gets Closer to Broadway. New York Times. 2017 May 17;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0393-2990
ISSN (online)	1573-7284
Scope	Epidemiology