How to format your references using the European Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Boswell R. Engineering. Is gas hydrate energy within reach? Science. 2009;325:957–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Weber TS, Deutsch C. Ocean nutrient ratios governed by plankton biogeography. Nature. 2010;467:550–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. McKnight S, Beyer A, Gall J. Retrospective. Oscar Miller (1925-2012). Science. 2012;335:1457.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Maroun F, Ozanam F, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. The role of atomic ensembles in the reactivity of bimetallic electrocatalysts. Science. 2001;293:1811–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ciobanu CV, Wang C-Z, Ho K-M. Atomic Structure Prediction of Nanostructures, Clusters and Surfaces. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

1. Damro C. European Competition Policy and Globalization. Guay TR, editor. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Adhikari A, Ramachandrarao P, Pedrycz W. Mining Patterns of Select Items in Multiple Databases. In: Ramachandrarao P, Pedrycz W, editors. Developing Multi-Database Mining Applications. London: Springer; 2010. p. 51–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Baby Duck-Billed Dinosaurs Found In Dragon’s Tomb Site [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/baby-duck-billed-dinosaurs-found-dragons-tomb-site/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Communications: Better Understanding of Scheduling System Limitations Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Sep. Report No.: IMTEC-91-48.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Buckley MK. A study of at-risk students’ perceptions of an online academic credit recovery program in an urban North Texas independent school district [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly C. Maybe Animals Just Need Quality Time With Friends. New York Times. 2013 Jul 28;A23B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0393-2990
ISSN (online)	1573-7284
Scope	Epidemiology