How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Telling G (2015) Neurodegeneration: Evolved protection against human prions. Nature 522:423–424

A journal article with 2 authors

Jain RK, Padera TP (2003) Development. Lymphatics make the break. Science 299:209–210

A journal article with 3 authors

Turner S, Evans P, Hawkesworth C (2001) Ultrafast source-to-surface movement of melt at island arcs from 226Ra-230Th systematics. Science 292:1363–1366

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Piel FB, Howes RE, Patil AP, et al (2013) The distribution of haemoglobin C and its prevalence in newborns in Africa. Sci Rep 3:1671

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Klepinger LL (2006) Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Laugier C, Chatila R (2007) Autonomous Navigation in Dynamic Environments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Goodman J, Dong H, Langdon PM, Clarkson PJ (2006) Factors Involved in Industry’s Response to Inclusive Design. In: Clarkson J, Langdon P, Robinson P (eds) Designing Accessible Technology. Springer, London, pp 31–39

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) How Neurosurgeons Can Now Look At Your Brain Through Your Eyes. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-neurosurgeons-can-now-look-your-brain-through-your-eyes/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Federal Health Care: Increased Information System Sharing Could Improve Service, Reduce Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bracht KD (2010) Causes of nonattendance and its effect on student achievement at the high school level. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J, Rutenberg J (2017) Pelley Said to Be Leaving Anchor Post With CBS News. New York Times B4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0031-6970
ISSN (online)	1432-1041
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology

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