How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stokstad E (2000) PALEONTOLOGY: CT Sleuthing Uncovers Fossil Misfits. Science 288:1731

A journal article with 2 authors

Crisp RJ, Meleady R (2012) Adapting to a multicultural future. Science 336:853–855

A journal article with 3 authors

Conway SL, Shinbrot T, Glasser BJ (2004) A Taylor vortex analogy in granular flows. Nature 431:433–437

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Broothaerts W, Mitchell HJ, Weir B, et al (2005) Gene transfer to plants by diverse species of bacteria. Nature 433:629–633

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Datta TK (2010) Seismic Analysis of Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Akoka J, Liddle SW, Song I-Y, et al (2005) Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling: ER 2005 Workshops AOIS, BP-UML, CoMoGIS, eCOMO, and QoIS, Klagenfurt, Austria, October 24-28, 2005. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Stan A, Pop F-C, Cremene M, et al (2012) Interactive Intonation Optimisation Using CMA-ES and DCT Parameterisation of the F0 Contour for Speech Synthesis. In: Pelta DA, Krasnogor N, Dumitrescu D, et al (eds) Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2011). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 57–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) A Century of Data Reveal that Climate Change is Shrinking Bumblebee Ranges. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/century-data-reveal-climate-change-shrinking-bumblebee-ranges/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Aging Aircraft: FAA Needs Comprehensive Plan to Coordinate Government and Industry Actions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards CD (2010) Migration: Lighting to evoke human responses. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Phillips KM (2009) In Mexico, Outgunned and Underpaid. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0031-6970
ISSN (online)	1432-1041
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology