How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alamaro M (2014) Water politics must adapt to a warming world. Nature 514:7

A journal article with 2 authors

Raes F, Swart R (2007) Climate change. Climate assessment: what’s next? Science 318:1386

A journal article with 3 authors

Thitamadee S, Tuchihara K, Hashimoto T (2002) Microtubule basis for left-handed helical growth in Arabidopsis. Nature 417:193–196

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Acharya AP, Rafi M, Woods EC, et al (2014) Metabolic engineering of lactate dehydrogenase rescues mice from acidosis. Sci Rep 4:5189

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Haas TC (2013) Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecosystem Managers. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Dall BE, Eden SV, Rahl MD (2015) Surgery for the Painful, Dysfunctional Sacroiliac Joint: A Clinical Guide. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Gélinas F, Camion C, Bates K, et al (2015) The Challenges of Participatory Justice for Public Adjudication. In: Camion C, Bates K, Anstis S, et al (eds) Foundations of Civil Justice: Toward a Value-Based Framework for Reform. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 81–104

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Is Schizophrenia A ‘Real’ Illness? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/schizophrenia-real-illness/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) SEOG Funds: Information on the Distribution of SEOG Funds to Students. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beattie LJ (2013) Meeting the Needs of Low Income Students. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) Dominant So Far on Clay, Nadal Hits A Bump on the Road to Roland Garros. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0031-6970
ISSN (online)	1432-1041
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology