How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D (2000) Vaccine centres unite specialists in the battle against infectious diseases. Nature 408:753–754

A journal article with 2 authors

Stone R, Lavine M (2014) Robots. The social life of robots. Introduction. Science 346:178–179

A journal article with 3 authors

Grutzendler J, Kasthuri N, Gan W-B (2002) Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex. Nature 420:812–816

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gao X, Zhang H, Zhuang W, et al (2014) PEDF and PEDF-derived peptide 44mer protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via anti-oxidative effect. Sci Rep 4:5637

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim D (2006) Microcontroller Based Applied Digital Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wong BJ-F, Ilgner J (2016) Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Ng SF (2015) How a Singapore Teacher Used Videos to Help Improve Her Teaching of the Part-Whole Concept of Numbers and the Model Method. In: Ng SF (ed) Cases of Mathematics Professional Development in East Asian Countries: Using Video to Support Grounded Analysis. Springer, Singapore, pp 61–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) The Next 209 Seconds Will Blow Your Mind. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Results-Oriented Management: OPM Needs to Do More to Ensure Meaningful Distinctions Are Made in SES Ratings and Performance Awards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Benware A (2017) The Roles of Teaching Experience and Authoritative Classroom Management Style on Student Discipline. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz J (2016) Counting Green: How to Measure Your Carbon Tire Print. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0031-6970
ISSN (online)	1432-1041
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology