How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser D. The search for clean cash. Nature 2011; 472: 30–31.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smethurst DP, Williams HC. Power laws. Are hospital waiting lists self-regulating? Nature 2001; 410: 652–653.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barnett TP, Adam JC, Lettenmaier DP. Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions. Nature 2005; 438: 303–309.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Giordano CR, Terlecky LJ, Bollig-Fischer A, Walton PA, Terlecky SR. Amyloid-beta neuroprotection mediated by a targeted antioxidant. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilmott P, Orrell D. The Money Formula. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

Reinhartz-Berger I, Sturm A, Clark T, Cohen S, Bettin J (eds.). Domain Engineering: Product Lines, Languages, and Conceptual Models. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Han ND, Huy PT. On Unambiguity of Languages Related to Codes. In: Park JJ (jong H, Leung VCM, Wang C-L, Shon T (eds). Future Information Technology, Application, and Service: FutureTech 2012 Volume 2. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2012, pp 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly Discovered Class Of Antibodies Could Lead To Universal Dengue Vaccine. IFLScience. 2014.https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/newly-discovered-class-antibodies-could-lead-universal-dengue-vaccine/ (accessed 30 Oct2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Joint Strike Fighter: Restructuring Should Improve Outcomes, but Progress Is Still Lagging Overall. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lyngarkos B. Examination of the relative importance of website elements for users of manufacturers representative websites. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P, Kaplan T, Shear MD. Trump Bypasses G.O.P. To Strike a Deal on Debt. New York Times. 2017; : A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Nutrition and Dietetics