How to format your references using the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Cultivating black gold. Nature 2005; 433: 779.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zeng L, Song R. Controlling chloride ions diffusion in concrete. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 3359.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cho Y, Lee JB, Hong J. Controlled release of an anti-cancer drug from DNA structured nano-films. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4078.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sun M, Liao H-G, Niu K, Zheng H. Structural and morphological evolution of lead dendrites during electrochemical migration. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 3227.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glasgow LA. Applied Mathematics for Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Avresky DR, Diaz M, Bode A, Ciciani B, Dekel E (eds.). Cloud Computing: First International Conference, CloudComp 2009 Munich, Germany, October 19–21, 2009 Revised Selected Papers. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Almond RG, Mislevy RJ, Steinberg LS, Yan D, Williamson DM. Efficient Calculations. In: Mislevy RJ, Steinberg LS, Yan D, Williamson DM (eds). Bayesian Networks in Educational Assessment. Springer: New York, NY, 2015, pp 105–155.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Underwater Robots Help Scientists See Where Marine Larvae Go And How They Get There. IFLScience. 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financial Management Systems: Experience with Prior Migration and Modernization Efforts Provides Lessons Learned for New Approach. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mason MC. A Heart Like a Fakir’s The Life and Times of General Sir James Abbott, KCB. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. 2017; : C23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0954-3007
ISSN (online)	1476-5640
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Nutrition and Dietetics