How to format your references using the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spiegel A. Cell signaling. beta-arrestin--not just for G protein-coupled receptors. Science 2003; 301: 1338–1339.

A journal article with 2 authors

Solanki SK, Krivova NA. Astronomy. Analyzing solar cycles. Science 2011; 334: 916–917.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bunge J, Epstein SS, Peterson DG. Comment on ‘Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil’. Science 2006; 313: 918; author reply 918.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Galanty Y, Belotserkovskaya R, Coates J, et al. Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. Nature 2009; 462: 935–939.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bunnell T. From World City to the World in One City. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.

An edited book

Johannes WJ. Gravity Interpretation: Fundamentals and Application of Gravity Inversion and Geological Interpretation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Dang C, Sodt A, Lau C, et al. The Allen Brain Atlas: Delivering Neuroscience to the Web on a Genome Wide Scale. In: Cohen-Boulakia S, Tannen V (eds) Data Integration in the Life Sciences: 4th International Workshop, DILS 2007, Philadelphia, PA, USA, June 27-29, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007, pp. 17–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.

Blog post

Carpineti A. How Phobos Got Its Giant Crater. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financial Audit: District of Columbia Highway Trust Fund’s Fiscal Year 1997 Financial Statements. AIMD-98-254, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 30 September 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simsic G. Revisiting Addiction Using Depth Psychology: The Myth of Exodus as a Blueprint for Recovery. Doctoral Dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Patterson MJO. Nature in All Its Lushness, From an Urbanite’s Mind. New York Times, 20 May 2012, p. NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1474-5151
ISSN (online)	1873-1953
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing Medical–Surgical