How to format your references using the European Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Hashmi ASK. Chemistry. Sub-nanosized gold catalysts. Science 2012;338:1434.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kussell E, Leibler S. Phenotypic diversity, population growth, and information in fluctuating environments. Science 2005;309:2075–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lenton TM, Schellnhuber HJ, Szathmáry E. Climbing the co-evolution ladder. Nature 2004;431:913.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Domack E, Duran D, Leventer A, Ishman S, Doane S, McCallum S, et al. Stability of the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene epoch. Nature 2005;436:681–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Moeller R. IT Audit, Control, and Security. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Deng X, Du D-Z, editors. Algorithms and Computation: 16th International Symposium, ISAAC 2005, Sanya, Hainan, China, December 19-21, 2005. Proceedings. vol. 3827. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tirri K. The Core of School Pedagogy. In: Niemi H, Toom A, Kallioniemi A, editors. Miracle of Education: The Principles and Practices of Teaching and Learning in Finnish Schools (Second Revised Edition), Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2016, p. 57–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. The CEO Of That EpiPen Price Gouging Company Was Just Caught Lying To Congress. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/the-ceo-of-that-epipen-price-gouging-company-was-just-caught-lying-to-congress/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Office of Federal Student Aid: Better Strategic and Human Capital Planning Would Help Sustain Management Progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Nevin MJ. Addressing the Learning Outcomes and Assessment Methods Associated with Participation in Student Government Associations: A Qualitative Study of California Community Colleges. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. Lady Gaga Will Replace Beyoncé at Coachella. New York Times 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0959-8049
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology