How to format your references using the European Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Levinson P. The enduring test. Nature 2000;404:937.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Otto SP, Nuismer SL. Species interactions and the evolution of sex. Science 2004;304:1018–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Butov LV, Gossard AC, Chemla DS. Macroscopically ordered state in an exciton system. Nature 2002;418:751–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Porter EA, Wang X, Lee HS, Weisblum B, Gellman SH. Non-haemolytic beta-amino-acid oligomers. Nature 2000;404:565.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Adhikari S. Structural Dynamic Analysis with Generalized Damping Models. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Pellegrino C, Sena-Cruz J, editors. Design Procedures for the Use of Composites in Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 234-DUC. vol. 19. 1st ed. 2016. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Aumüller M, Dietzfelbinger M. Optimal Partitioning for Dual Pivot Quicksort. In: Fomin FV, Freivalds R, Kwiatkowska M, Peleg D, editors. Automata, Languages, and Programming: 40th International Colloquium, ICALP 2013, Riga, Latvia, July 8-12, 2013, Proceedings, Part I, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Child Camping At Yosemite National Park Contracts Plague. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: Issues Associated With the Vandenberg Launch Site. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lancaster G. Understanding interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among physicians, nurses, and unlicensed assistive personnel. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Mueller B, Baker AL, Southall A. Attempted Murder Charge in Bronx Shooting of Boy on His 5th Birthday. New York Times 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0959-8049
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology