How to format your references using the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ruiz J. The early heat loss evolution of Mars and their implications for internal and environmental history. Sci Rep 2014;4:4338.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lucadamo G, Medlin DL. Geometric origin of hexagonal close packing at a grain boundary in gold. Science 2003;300:1272–1275.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nagashima K, Krot AN, Yurimoto H. Stardust silicates from primitive meteorites. Nature 2004;428:921–924.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Oh C, Park S, Lee EK, Yoo YJ. Downregulation of ubiquitin level via knockdown of polyubiquitin gene Ubb as potential cancer therapeutic intervention. Sci Rep 2013;3:2623.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith P. Structural Design of Buildings. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Kole C, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Temperate Fruits. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Pandey R. Cash and Debt Management in States. In: Singh C, ed. Public Debt Management: Separation of Debt from Monetary Management in India. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016. p41–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging.

Blog post

Andrews R. Zika-Carrying Mosquitoes Have Arrived In The United States. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/zikacarrying-mosquitoes-have-arrived-in-the-united-states/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. K-12 Education: Many Challenges Arise in Educating Students Who Change Schools Frequently

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jordan AD. Measuring the efficacy of a Ninth Grade Academy on students with disabilities

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. You Loved My Film? Thanks, Man. Spare a Dime? New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	1525-2167
ISSN (online)	1532-2114
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging