How to format your references using the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Farmer EE. Surface-to-air signals. Nature 2001;411:854–856.

A journal article with 2 authors

Eaton DW, Frederiksen A. Seismic evidence for convection-driven motion of the North American plate. Nature 2007;446:428–431.

A journal article with 3 authors

Noborisaka J, Nishiguchi K, Fujiwara A. Electric tuning of direct-indirect optical transitions in silicon. Sci Rep 2014;4:6950.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Walburger A, Koul A, Ferrari G, Nguyen L, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Huygen K, Klebl B, Thompson C, Bacher G, Pieters J. Protein kinase G from pathogenic mycobacteria promotes survival within macrophages. Science 2004;304:1800–1804.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chan NH. Time Series: Applications to Finance with R and S-Plus®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Dijkman R, Hofstetter J, Koehler J, eds. Business Process Model and Notation: Third International Workshop, BPMN 2011, Lucerne, Switzerland, November 21-22, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Vacha-Haase T, Donaldson WV, Foster A. Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Older Adults. In: Miville ML, Ferguson AD, eds. Handbook of Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Psychology. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p65–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging.

Blog post

Hale T. Planet Earth II Stuns Viewers With A Jaguar Versus Caiman Clash. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/planet-earth-ii-stuns-viewers-with-a-jaguar-versus-caiman-clash/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airfield Pavements

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Neil S. A turn from the worst: Leadership influences on the successful turnaround of a high-poverty school

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller B, Baker AL. Police Officer Is ‘Murdered for Her Uniform’ at Post in the Bronx. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	1525-2167
ISSN (online)	1532-2114
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging