How to format your references using the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gilbert D. Buried by bad decisions. Nature 2011;474:275–277.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gweon H, Schulz L. 16-month-olds rationally infer causes of failed actions. Science 2011;332:1524.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karunadasa HI, Chang CJ, Long JR. A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water. Nature 2010;464:1329–1333.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Žitnik M, Janjić V, Larminie C, Zupan B, Pržulj N. Discovering disease-disease associations by fusing systems-level molecular data. Sci Rep 2013;3:3202.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Riches J. Galatians Through the Centuries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Zheng K. Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks. Zhang L, Xiang W, Wang W, eds. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Verbelen C, Andre G, Haulot X, Gilbert Y, Alsteens D, Dague E, Dufrene YF. Towards a Nanoscale View of Microbial Surfaces Using the Atomic Force Microscope. In: Tomitori M, Bhushan B, Fuchs H, eds. Applied Scanning Probe Methods IX: Characterization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p111–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging.

Blog post

Davis J. Progress Made In Creating Babies With Three Biological Parents. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/progress-made-in-creating-babies-with-three-biological-parents/ (30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Operations: NASA’s Use of Information Technology

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hawkins SH. Lung CT Radiomics: An Overview of Using Images as Data

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B, Sengupta S. Russia Backs U.N. Vote to Send Monitors to Aleppo, as Evacuations Resume. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	1525-2167
ISSN (online)	1532-2114
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging