How to format your references using the European Actuarial Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Actuarial Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marris E (2006) Mothers of invention? Nature 442:973

A journal article with 2 authors

Wright CW, Duckett CS (2009) The aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator alters CD30-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Science 323:251–255

A journal article with 3 authors

Tran J, Brenner TJ, DiNardo S (2000) Somatic control over the germline stem cell lineage during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Nature 407:754–757

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wilson RW, Millero FJ, Taylor JR, et al (2009) Contribution of fish to the marine inorganic carbon cycle. Science 323:359–362

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leleux B, van Swaay H, Megally E (2015) Private Equity 4.0. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Manouchehri K (2014) Physical Implementation of Quantum Walks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Liang X, Lu R, Lin X, Shen X (2013) Recommendation-Based Trustworthy Service Evaluation. In: Lu R, Lin X, Shen X (eds) Security and Privacy in Mobile Social Networks. Springer, New York, NY, pp 67–93

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Actuarial Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) How To Teach All Students To Think Critically. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Tax Systems Modernization: Factors Critical to Success. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tourijigian L (2015) Fiscal Changes at Dunbar Elementary. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Rights of Unions and Nonmembers Vie at Court. New York Times A24

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Actuarial Journal
Abbreviation	Eur. Actuar. J.
ISSN (print)	2190-9733
ISSN (online)	2190-9741
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Economics and Econometrics Statistics and Probability