How to format your references using the Ethnic and Racial Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnic and Racial Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guarente, Leonard. 2009. “Cell Biology. Hypoxic Hookup.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 324 (5932): 1281–1282.

A journal article with 2 authors

Robert, François, and Marc Chaussidon. 2006. “A Palaeotemperature Curve for the Precambrian Oceans Based on Silicon Isotopes in Cherts.” Nature 443 (7114): 969–972.

A journal article with 3 authors

Royle, Nick J., Andrew F. Russell, and Alastair J. Wilson. 2014. “The Evolution of Flexible Parenting.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 345 (6198): 776–781.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Sui, Pengfei, Darin L. Wiesner, Jinhao Xu, Yan Zhang, Jinwoo Lee, Steven Van Dyken, Amber Lashua, et al. 2018. “Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells Amplify Allergic Asthma Responses.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 360 (6393).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pachamanova, Dessislava A., and Frank J. Fabozzi. 2016. Portfolio Construction and Analytics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Masys, Anthony J., ed. 2016. Exploring the Security Landscape: Non-Traditional Security Challenges. 1st ed. 2016. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Yang, Fan, Huchuan Lu, and Yen-Wei Chen. 2011. “Human Tracking by Multiple Kernel Boosting with Locality Affinity Constraints.” In Computer Vision – ACCV 2010: 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Queenstown, New Zealand, November 8-12, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part IV, edited by Ron Kimmel, Reinhard Klette, and Akihiro Sugimoto, 39–50. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2017. “Bright Spots On Ceres Much Younger Than Previously Thought.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/bright-spots-on-ceres-much-younger-than-previously-thought/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Teacher Preparation: Multiple Federal Education Offices Support Teacher Preparation for Instructing Students with Disabilities and English Language Learners, but Systematic Departmentwide Coordination Could Enhance This Assistance. GAO-09-573. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yang, Li. 2012. “A Comparison of Unsupervised Learning Techniques for Detection of Medical Abuse in Automobile Claims.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, Linda. 2006. “In Suffolk, a Plan to Keep Emergency Volunteers.” New York Times, December 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Guarente 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Guarente 2009; Robert and Chaussidon 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Robert and Chaussidon 2006)
Three authors: (Royle, Russell, and Wilson 2014)
4 or more authors: (Sui et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnic and Racial Studies
Abbreviation	Ethn. Racial Stud.
ISSN (print)	0141-9870
ISSN (online)	1466-4356
Scope	Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies