How to format your references using the Ethnic and Racial Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnic and Racial Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lichten, Michael. 2015. “Molecular Biology. Putting the Breaks on Meiosis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 350 (6263): 913.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhu, Long, and Jian Wang. 2014. “Arbitrary Manipulation of Spatial Amplitude and Phase Using Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulators.” Scientific Reports 4 (December): 7441.

A journal article with 3 authors

Colombani, Julien, Ditte S. Andersen, and Pierre Léopold. 2012. “Secreted Peptide Dilp8 Coordinates Drosophila Tissue Growth with Developmental Timing.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 336 (6081): 582–585.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Haney, Matthew M., Roel Snieder, Jon Sheiman, and Steven Losh. 2005. “Geophysics: A Moving Fluid Pulse in a Fault Zone.” Nature 437 (7055): 46.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eynon, John. 2013. The Design Manager’s Handbook. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Overmann, Jörg, ed. 2006. Molecular Basis of Symbiosis. Vol. 41. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Minet, Pascale, and Anis Laouiti. 2009. “Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.” In Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, edited by Sudip Misra, Isaac Woungang, and Subhas Chandra Misra, 97–120. Computer Communications and Networks. London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. 2015. “3D-Printed Pathway Helps Nerve Growth.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/3d-printed-nerve-pathways-help-growth-after-injury/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. ADP Budget: Potential Reductions to the Department of the Army’s Budget Request. IMTEC-89-69BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lindemann-Litzsinger, Connie. 2017. “Investigating the Possible Relationship Between Participation in High School Athletics and First-Generation College Student Persistence to College Graduation.” Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, James. 2017. “Its Star Aglow Again, Madison Square Park Is Ready for Memorial Day.” New York Times, May 24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lichten 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Lichten 2015; Zhu and Wang 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhu and Wang 2014)
Three authors: (Colombani, Andersen, and Léopold 2012)
4 or more authors: (Haney et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnic and Racial Studies
Abbreviation	Ethn. Racial Stud.
ISSN (print)	0141-9870
ISSN (online)	1466-4356
Scope	Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies