How to format your references using the Ethics, Medicine and Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Althorpe SC. Chemistry. Setting the trap for reactive resonances. Science 2010;327:1460–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gillson L, Hoffman MT. Ecology. Rangeland ecology in a changing world. Science 2007;315:53–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kim HK, Hanson GW, Geller DA. Chemistry. Are gold clusters in RF fields hot or not? Science 2013;340:441–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sato C, Ueno Y, Asai K, Takahashi K, Sato M, Engel A, et al. The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is a bell-shaped molecule with several cavities. Nature 2001;409:1047–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Drake PP, Fabozzi FJ. The Basics of Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Janas J, Kurasov P, Naboko S, Laptev A, Stolz G, editors. Methods of Spectral Analysis in Mathematical Physics: Conference on Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics (OTAMP) 2006, Lund, Sweden. vol. 186. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bradley RE, Sandifer CE. Determination of integer functions, when a certain number of particular values are known. Applications. In: Sandifer CE, editor. Cauchy’s Cours d’analyse: An Annotated Translation, New York, NY: Springer; 2009, p. 59–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Toxin Resistance Suggests That Evolution Can Be Predictable. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/toxin-resistance-suggests-evolution-can-be-predictable/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Estimated State Funding Under the Transportation Empowerment Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Caltrider CS. Critical Pedagogy Unit of Ceramics Instruction: Fostering Civic Engagement in California High School Students. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Ambassador Ali. New York Times 2016:F14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics, Medicine and Public Health
Abbreviation	Ethics Med. Public Health
ISSN (print)	2352-5525
Scope