How to format your references using the Ethics, Medicine and Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Burness GP. Ecology. Elephants, mice, and red herrings. Science 2002;296:1245–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rinn J, Guttman M. RNA Function. RNA and dynamic nuclear organization. Science 2014;345:1240–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Verbiscer AJ, Skrutskie MF, Hamilton DP. Saturn’s largest ring. Nature 2009;461:1098–100.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Levin V, Shapiro N, Park J, Ritzwoller M. Seismic evidence for catastrophic slab loss beneath Kamchatka. Nature 2002;418:763–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Wolf EL. Nanophysics of Solar and Renewable Energy. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Malgrange C. Symmetry and Physical Properties of Crystals. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Goddard J. Tick-Borne Diseases. In: Goddard J, editor. Infectious Diseases and Arthropods, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008, p. 81–129.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Expanding Fireball from a Nova Explosion Spotted for the First Time. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/expanding-fireball-nova-explosion-spotted-first-time/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Critical Infrastructure: Challenges Remain in Protecting Key Sectors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Moretto L. Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between Decision-Driven Scenarios and Decision Confidence in High-Velocity Environments. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Alcindor Y. ‘Auntie Maxine,’ House Veteran Who’s Had It Up to Here With Trump. New York Times 2017:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics, Medicine and Public Health
Abbreviation	Ethics Med. Public Health
ISSN (print)	2352-5525
Scope