How to format your references using the Ethics and Social Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics and Social Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Serrano, Manuel. 2011. “Cancer: Final Act of Senescence.” Nature 479 (7374): 481–482.

A journal article with 2 authors

Milinski, Manfred, and Bettina Rockenbach. 2007. “Economics. Spying on Others Evolves.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317 (5837): 464–465.

A journal article with 3 authors

Uraguchi, Daisuke, Yusuke Ueki, and Takashi Ooi. 2009. “Chiral Organic Ion Pair Catalysts Assembled through a Hydrogen-Bonding Network.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 326 (5949): 120–123.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lorenz, T., M. Hofmann, M. Grüninger, A. Freimuth, G. S. Uhrig, M. Dumm, and M. Dressel. 2002. “Evidence for Spin-Charge Separation in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Conductors.” Nature 418 (6898): 614–617.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis, John H. 2011. Statistics for Compensation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gandon, Fabien, Marta Sabou, Harald Sack, Claudia d’Amato, Philippe Cudré-Mauroux, and Antoine Zimmermann, eds. 2015. The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains: 12th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2015, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 31 -- June 4, 2015. Proceedings. Vol. 9088. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Lucas, Julie Cook, Doris Schroeder, Roger Chennells, Sachin Chaturvedi, and Dafna Feinholz. 2013. “Sharing Traditional Knowledge: Who Benefits? Cases from India, Nigeria, Mexico and South Africa.” In Benefit Sharing: From Biodiversity to Human Genetics, edited by Doris Schroeder and Julie Cook Lucas, 65–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics and Social Welfare.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2017. “Some Whale Strandings Might Be Caused By Solar Storms.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/some-whale-strandings-might-be-caused-by-solar-storms/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Additional Costs to Government: Reflagging Kuwaiti Ships and Protecting Them in the Persian Gulf. NSIAD-88-9FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coles, Jon. 2017. “The Balancing of Parental Support and Pressure in Fostering Collegiate Athletes.” Doctoral dissertation, Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben. 2017. “We’re All Doomed. It Says So in the Script.” New York Times, February 22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Serrano 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Serrano 2011; Milinski and Rockenbach 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Milinski and Rockenbach 2007)
Three authors: (Uraguchi, Ueki, and Ooi 2009)
4 or more authors: (Lorenz et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics and Social Welfare
Abbreviation	Ethics Soc. Welf.
ISSN (print)	1749-6535
ISSN (online)	1749-6543
Scope	Philosophy Sociology and Political Science