How to format your references using the Ethics and Social Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics and Social Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poskett, James. 2012. “Mathematics: A Life Computed.” Nature 486 (7403): 321.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rao, Meenakshi, and Shanthini Sockanathan. 2005. “Transmembrane Protein GDE2 Induces Motor Neuron Differentiation in Vivo.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309 (5744): 2212–2215.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sakurai, Hidehiro, Taro Daiko, and Toshikazu Hirao. 2003. “A Synthesis of Sumanene, a Fullerene Fragment.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 301 (5641): 1878.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhou, Chengcheng, Xinhao Cheng, Qiang Zhao, Yun Yan, Jide Wang, and Jianbin Huang. 2014. “Self-Assembly of Channel Type β-CD Dimers Induced by Dodecane.” Scientific Reports 4 (December): 7533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sundararajan, D. 2015. Discretewavelet Transform. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Dediu, Adrian-Horia, Carlos Martín-Vide, and Bianca Truthe, eds. 2014. Algorithms for Computational Biology: First International Conference, AlCoB 2014, Tarragona, Spain, July 1-3, 2014, Proceedigns. Vol. 8542. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cagle, Philip T., and Timothy Craig Allen. 2010. “Uncommon Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Pleura.” In Frozen Section Library: Pleura, edited by Timothy Craig Allen, 75–78. Frozen Section Library. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics and Social Welfare.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. 2016. “One Year On From New Horizons, We Spoke To The Man Behind The Daring Mission To Pluto.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/one-year-on-from-new-horizons-we-spoke-to-the-man-behind-the-daring-mission-to-pluto/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Embedded Computer Systems: Significant Software Problems on C-17 Must Be Addressed. IMTEC-92-48. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yang, Yi. 2003. “Statistical Analysis of CDNA Microarrays: A Systematic Approach to Identify MTF-1 Mediated Gene Expression Profile in Response to Cadmium.” Doctoral dissertation, Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bilefsky, Dan, and Stephen Castle. 2013. “Britain Says Equine Drug May Be in Food Chain.” New York Times, February 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Poskett 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Poskett 2012; Rao and Sockanathan 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rao and Sockanathan 2005)
Three authors: (Sakurai, Daiko, and Hirao 2003)
4 or more authors: (Zhou et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics and Social Welfare
Abbreviation	Ethics Soc. Welf.
ISSN (print)	1749-6535
ISSN (online)	1749-6543
Scope	Philosophy Sociology and Political Science