How to format your references using the Ergo citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ergo. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Showalter, Mark R. (2005). Planetary science. Saturn’s strangest ring becomes curiouser and curiouser. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5752), 1287–1288.

A journal article with 2 authors

Furukawa, Noriko, and Joji Mima. (2014). Multiple and distinct strategies of yeast SNAREs to confer the specificity of membrane fusion. Scientific Reports, 4, 4277.

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Rahilly, Stephen, Inês Barroso, and Nicholas J. Wareham. (2005). Genetic factors in type 2 diabetes: the end of the beginning? Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5708), 370–373.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yin, Zhen, Yining Zhang, Kai Chen, Jing Li, Wenjing Li, Pei Tang, … Ding Ma. (2014). Monodispersed bimetallic PdAg nanoparticles with twinned structures: formation and enhancement for the methanol oxidation. Scientific Reports, 4, 4288.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Posudin, Yuriy. (2014). Methods of Measuring Environmental Parameters. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mackness, Bharti, Mackness, Mike, Aviram, Michael, & Paragh, György (Eds.). (2008). The Paraoxonases: Their Role in Disease Development and Xenobiotic Metabolism. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Wasaki, Jun, and Hayato Maruyama. (2011). Molecular Approaches to the Study of Biological Phosphorus Cycling. In Else Bünemann, Astrid Oberson, & Emmanuel Frossard (Eds.), Phosphorus in Action: Biological Processes in Soil Phosphorus Cycling (93–111). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ergo.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. (2015, March 20). The First Space Walk Happened 50 Years Ago, And Nearly Ended In Disaster. Retrieved 30 October 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-space-walk-happened-50-years-ago-and-nearly-ended-disaster/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Bridge Improvements: States Exercise Discretion in Selecting Projects Using Federal-Aid Funds (No. RCED-89-8). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Malkus, Nathaniel. (2012). Beneath the district averages: Intradistrict differences in teacher compensation expenditures (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. (2011, September 29). On Final Day, Tears and Jeers. New York Times, p. B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Showalter, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Furukawa & Mima, 2014; Showalter, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Furukawa & Mima, 2014)
Three authors: (O’Rahilly, Barroso, & Wareham, 2005)
6 or more authors: (Yin et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ergo
ISSN (online)	2330-4014
Scope