How to format your references using the EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poethig RS (2003) Phase change and the regulation of developmental timing in plants. Science 301:334–336

A journal article with 2 authors

Lv X, Weng J (2013) Ternary composite of hemin, gold nanoparticles and graphene for highly efficient decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Sci Rep 3:3285

A journal article with 3 authors

Rosu S, Libuda DE, Villeneuve AM (2011) Robust crossover assurance and regulated interhomolog access maintain meiotic crossover number. Science 334:1286–1289

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sahin NT, Pinker S, Cash SS, et al (2009) Sequential processing of lexical, grammatical, and phonological information within Broca’s area. Science 326:445–449

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen CJ (2011) Physics of Solar Energy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Neustein A, Patil HA (2012) Forensic Speaker Recognition: Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Los’y IP, Segeda I, Shepelevich K, et al (2007) Radiation Risk Assessment and Countermeasure Justification. In: Onishi Y, Voitsekhovich OV, Zheleznyak MJ (eds) Chernobyl – What Have We Learned?: The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination over 20 Years. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 109–140

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) What Would Happen If A Nuclear Bomb Was Dropped On A City? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/what-would-happen-if-a-nuclear-bomb-was-dropped-on-a-city/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Review of Certain Aspects of the Head Start Program Operated by the Community Education Extension of Mary Holmes College, Jackson, Mississippi. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caldretti M (2017) Vocal Pedagogy and the Adolescent Female Singing Voice. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2014) High-Fives, Not High Reps. New York Times B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation
Abbreviation	EPJ Tech. Instrum.
ISSN (online)	2195-7045
Scope