How to format your references using the EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith B (2012) Perspective: complexities of flavour. Nature 486:S6

A journal article with 2 authors

Giessen H, Vogelgesang R (2009) Physics. Glimpsing the weak magnetic field of light. Science 326:529–530

A journal article with 3 authors

Pelli DG, Farell B, Moore DC (2003) The remarkable inefficiency of word recognition. Nature 423:752–756

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang Y, Tan Y-W, Stormer HL, Kim P (2005) Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase in graphene. Nature 438:201–204

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vacca JR (2006) Optical Networking Best Practices Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Nguyen N-T, Kołodziej J, Burczyński T, Biba M (2013) Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence X. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Fishman LM, Polesin A, Sampson S (2007) Piriformis Syndrome. In: Cooper G (ed) Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 61–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Third Largest Dwarf Planet Has A Moon. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/third-largest-dwarf-planet-has-a-moon/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) [Comments on DOD Data Center Consolidation Plan]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez PJ (2013) “Stepping stones”: Empowering mental health patients through connections with significant others: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J (2017) The City Awakens. New York Times MB7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation
Abbreviation	EPJ Tech. Instrum.
ISSN (online)	2195-7045
Scope