How to format your references using the EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Foulger GR. Geophysics. Toward “supervolcano” technology. Science. 2006;313:768–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bernèche S, Roux B. Energetics of ion conduction through the K+ channel. Nature. 2001;414:73–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rouse GW, Goffredi SK, Vrijenhoek RC. Osedax: bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males. Science. 2004;305:668–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Rifkin SA, Houle D, Kim J, White KP. A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid evolution of gene expression. Nature. 2005;438:220–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bachmann H, Steinle A, Hahn V. Bauen mit Betonfertigteilen im Hochbau. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

1. Rauf A. Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles. Farshori NN, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Majumder M, Barman RN. Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Predict the Growth Rate of Bufo melanostictus in Urban Forest. In: Majumder M, Barman RN, editors. Application of Nature Based Algorithm in Natural Resource Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 59–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Make “Invisibility Cloak” From Ordinary Lenses [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/ordinary-lens-used-cloaking-device/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Activities at the Regional Finance and Data Processing Center in Paris, France. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 Mar. Report No.: B-146703.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mullican CD. Multiple Intelligences in the Text: Examining the Presence of Multiple Intelligences Tasks in the Annotated Teacher’s Editions of Four High School United States History Textbooks [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. Rutgers Misses Shot At a Victory. New York Times. 1999 Nov 7;87.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics
ISSN (online)	2195-0008
Scope