How to format your references using the EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mézard M. Computer science. Where are the exemplars? Science. 2007;315:949–51.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Trottier Y, Mandel JL. Biomedicine. Huntingtin--profit and loss. Science. 2001;293:445–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lee JLC, Everitt BJ, Thomas KL. Independent cellular processes for hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Science. 2004;304:839–43.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium, Data analysis group, Partner working group, Sample collections—Angola:, Burkina Faso:, Cameroon:, et al. Genetic diversity of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nature. 2017;552:96–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gerardi MH, Zimmerman MC. Wastewater Pathogens. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

1. Geertman S, Stillwell J, editors. Planning Support Systems Best Practice and New Methods. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Larsen RA. Flucytosine. In: Kauffman CA, Pappas PG, Sobel JD, Dismukes WE, editors. Essentials of Clinical Mycology. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 57–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Some Patients Suffering From Psychosis May Have An Autoimmune Disease Instead [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/some-patients-suffering-from-psychosis-may-have-an-autoimmune-disease-instead/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transition Series: Information Technology Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Nov. Report No.: OCG-89-6TR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Catalini M. Intrinsic rewards increase job performance within an organization [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Strides, Often Painful, but Always, Always Forward. New York Times. 2010 Apr 26;D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics
ISSN (online)	2195-0008
Scope