How to format your references using the Epileptology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Epileptology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lui ATY. Comment on “Tail reconnection triggering substorm onset.” Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lin Y, Zhang Z. Mean first-passage time for maximal-entropy random walks in complex networks. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 20;4:5365.

A journal article with 3 authors

Garofalo S, Maier ME, di Pellegrino G. Mediofrontal negativity signals unexpected omission of aversive events. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 28;4:4816.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pereira M, Pfisterer U, Rylander D, Torper O, Lau S, Lundblad M, et al. Highly efficient generation of induced neurons from human fibroblasts that survive transplantation into the adult rat brain. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 11;4:6330.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Garrison DR, Vaughan ND. Blended Learning in Higher Education. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass; 2007.

An edited book

Seckbach J, editor. Origins: Genesis, Evolution and Diversity of Life. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005. (Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology; vol. 6).

A chapter in an edited book

Bailey DL, Humm JL. Physics of Nuclear Oncology. In: Strauss HW, Mariani G, Volterrani D, Larson SM, editors. Nuclear Oncology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 79–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Epileptology.

Blog post

Andrew D. Surprising Ways That Caffeine Affects Your Body And Brain. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security: Leadership Structure for an Independent Social Security Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Sep. Report No.: HRD-89-154.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sato O. The use of statistical metrics as a decision making tool in brief experimental analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. On the Home Lawn, Where Alligators Roam. New York Times. 2006 Aug 12;LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lui 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Lui 2009; Lin and Zhang 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lin and Zhang 2014)
Three or more authors: (Pereira et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Epileptology
ISSN (print)	2212-8220
Scope	Clinical Neurology