How to format your references using the Epilepsy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Epilepsy Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keeling, R.F., 2008. Atmospheric science. Recording Earth’s vital signs. Science 319, 1771–1772.

A journal article with 2 authors

LaRue, C.C., Padilla, P.A., 2012. IBI series winner. A mutant search--Caenorhabditis elegans and gene discovery. Science 338, 487–488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tenenbaum, J.B., de Silva, V., Langford, J.C., 2000. A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 290, 2319–2323.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chan, Y.F., Marks, M.E., Jones, F.C., Villarreal, G., Jr, Shapiro, M.D., Brady, S.D., Southwick, A.M., Absher, D.M., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Myers, R.M., Petrov, D., Jónsson, B., Schluter, D., Bell, M.A., Kingsley, D.M., 2010. Adaptive evolution of pelvic reduction in sticklebacks by recurrent deletion of a Pitx1 enhancer. Science 327, 302–305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morocco, C.C., Aguilar, C.M., Bershad, C., Kotula, A.W., Hindin, A., 2008. Supported Literacy for Adolescents. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.

An edited book

Kwan, S.K., Spohrer, J.C., Sawatani, Y. (Eds.), 2016. Global Perspectives on Service Science: Japan, Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Heckl, O.H., Kleinbauer, J., Bauer, D., Weiler, S., Metzger, T., Sutter, D.H., 2016. Ultrafast Thin-Disk Lasers, in: Nolte, S., Schrempel, F., Dausinger, F. (Eds.), Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology: Laser Sources and Applications, Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 93–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Epilepsy Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Drunken Monkeys? Only Humans Really Don’t Know When They’ve Had Enough [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/drunken-monkeys-only-humans-really-don-t-know-when-they-ve-had-enough/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. Education and Employment Issue Area Plan: Fiscal Years 1995-96 (No. IAP-95-96). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chitakasempornkul, K., 2012. Ordinal time series analysis for Air Quality Index (AQI) in San Bernardino County (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Binder, S., 2017. Mitch McConnell’s Wizardry. New York Times A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keeling, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Keeling, 2008; LaRue and Padilla, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (LaRue and Padilla, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Chan et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Epilepsy Research
Abbreviation	Epilepsy Res.
ISSN (print)	0920-1211
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology