How to format your references using the Environmental Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rasmussen B (2000) Filamentous microfossils in a 3,235-million-year-old volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit. Nature 405:676–679

A journal article with 2 authors

Kropman MF, Bakker HJ (2001) Dynamics of water molecules in aqueous solvation shells. Science 291:2118–2120

A journal article with 3 authors

Flores I, Cayuela ML, Blasco MA (2005) Effects of telomerase and telomere length on epidermal stem cell behavior. Science 309:1253–1256

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nakanishi H, Bishop KJM, Kowalczyk B, et al (2009) Photoconductance and inverse photoconductance in films of functionalized metal nanoparticles. Nature 460:371–375

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Miller JM (2009) Chromatography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Haslam J, Laycock J (eds) (2007) Therapeutic Management of Incontinence and Pelvic Pain: Pelvic Organ Disorders, 2nd Edition. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Rott H, Hansson SO (2014) Safe Contraction Revisited. In: Hansson SO (ed) David Makinson on Classical Methods for Non-Classical Problems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 35–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Death Of A Landscape: Why Have Thousands Of Trees Dropped Dead In New South Wales? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Multiple Teacher Training Programs: Information on Budgets, Services, and Target Groups. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dawood AA (2010) Relationship between mental health and treatment seeking in an urban Muslim community. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2016) Outside The Bars. New York Times BR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rasmussen 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Rasmussen 2000; Kropman and Bakker 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kropman and Bakker 2001)
Three or more authors: (Nakanishi et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Systems Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Res.
ISSN (online)	2193-2697
Scope