How to format your references using the Environmental Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macklis RM (2002) Portrait of Science. Scientist, technologist, proto-feminist, superstar. Science 295:1647–1648

A journal article with 2 authors

Vokrouhlicky D, Farinella P (2000) Efficient delivery of meteorites to the Earth from a wide range of asteroid parent bodies. Nature 407:606–608

A journal article with 3 authors

Hawks J, de Ruiter DJ, Berger LR (2015) PALEOANTHROPOLOGY. Comment on “Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia.” Science 348:1326

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Qi HH, Sarkissian M, Hu G-Q, et al (2010) Histone H4K20/H3K9 demethylase PHF8 regulates zebrafish brain and craniofacial development. Nature 466:503–507

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Traitler H (2015) Food Industry Innovation School, The. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ramon J, Denis LJ (eds) (2007) Prostate Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Lin CY-Y, Chen J (2016) Cases of Social Innovation. In: Chen J (ed) The Impact of Societal and Social Innovation: A Case-Based Approach. Springer, Singapore, pp 63–98

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Scientists Discover Star Trek Style Invisible “Shield” Thousands Of Miles Above Earth. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Trade Adjustment Assistance: Labor Awarded Community College Grants in Accordance with Requirements, but Needs to Improve Its Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Teeter CM (2010) Characterizing the Spatial Density Functions of Neural Arbors. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2001) Elegies for a Homeless Man By Friends He Left Behind. New York Times 147

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macklis 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Vokrouhlicky and Farinella 2000; Macklis 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vokrouhlicky and Farinella 2000)
Three or more authors: (Qi et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Systems Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Res.
ISSN (online)	2193-2697
Scope