How to format your references using the Environmental Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson M (2010) Introduction: Curiosity aroused. Nature 467:S2-3

A journal article with 2 authors

Huber KE, Waldor MK (2002) Filamentous phage integration requires the host recombinases XerC and XerD. Nature 417:656–659

A journal article with 3 authors

Riddihough G, Purnell BA, Travis J (2008) Freedom of expression. Introduction to special issue. Science 319:1781

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Inoue M, Chang L, Hwang J, et al (2003) The exocyst complex is required for targeting of Glut4 to the plasma membrane by insulin. Nature 422:629–633

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jank W, Shmueli G (2010) Modeling Online Auctions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bui TD, Ho TV, Ha QT (eds) (2008) Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: 11th Pacific Rim International Conference on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 15-16, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Russell CT (2007) The coupling of the solar wind to the Earth’s magnetosphere. In: Daglis IA (ed) Space Weather- Physics and Effects. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 103–130

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Read Ancient Magnetic Memories Contained Within Meteorites. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-read-ancient-magnetic-memories-contained-within-meteorites/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Collection Efforts Not Keeping Pace With Growing Number of Defaulted Student Loans. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Englebrecht KM (2012) Healing the invisible wounds: A grant proposal for female veterans suffering from PTSD. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Finally Taking Shakespeare’s ‘Measure.’ New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grayson 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Huber and Waldor 2002; Grayson 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huber and Waldor 2002)
Three or more authors: (Inoue et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Systems Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Res.
ISSN (online)	2193-2697
Scope