How to format your references using the Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rose, K.D., 2001. Evolution. The ancestry of whales. Science 293, 2216–2217.

A journal article with 2 authors

Paul, W.E., Mage, R.G., 2000. Elvin A. Kabat (1914-2000). Nature 407, 316.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pepe, F., Ehrenreich, D., Meyer, M.R., 2014. Instrumentation for the detection and characterization of exoplanets. Nature 513, 358–366.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wookey, J., Stackhouse, S., Kendall, J.-M., Brodholt, J., Price, G.D., 2005. Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase as an explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties. Nature 438, 1004–1007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai, T., 2010. Laser Diodes and their Applications to Communications and Information Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kagen, L.J. (Ed.), 2009. The Inflammatory Myopathies. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

A chapter in an edited book

Bambi, C., Dolgov, A.D., 2016. Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Cosmology, in: Dolgov, A.D. (Ed.), Introduction to Particle Cosmology: The Standard Model of Cosmology and Its Open Problems, UNITEXT for Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Research.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2017. East African Hunter-Gatherer Research Suggests The Human Microbiome Is An Ecological Disaster Zone [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/east-african-hunter-gatherer-research-suggests-the-human-microbiome-is-an-ecological-disaster-zone/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Joint Strike Fighter: Progress Made and Challenges Remain (No. GAO-07-360). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bissell, G.H., 2011. Working in the transference as a multicultural intervention (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2008. Nassau and Suffolk Expecting More Funds. New York Times LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rose, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Paul and Mage, 2000; Rose, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Paul and Mage, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Wookey et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-9351
Scope	Biochemistry General Environmental Science