How to format your references using the Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donley, E.A., 2013. Physics. A view on energy transfer between cold atoms. Science 342, 942–943.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chin, L., Gray, J.W., 2008. Translating insights from the cancer genome into clinical practice. Nature 452, 553–563.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, K.S., Riser, S.C., Karl, D.M., 2010. Nitrate supply from deep to near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nature 465, 1062–1065.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bénazet, J.-D., Bischofberger, M., Tiecke, E., Gonçalves, A., Martin, J.F., Zuniga, A., Naef, F., Zeller, R., 2009. A self-regulatory system of interlinked signaling feedback loops controls mouse limb patterning. Science 323, 1050–1053.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bertolo, D., 2016. Interactions on Digital Tablets in the Context of 3D Geometry Learning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ueda, T., Kawai, A. (Eds.), 2016. Osteosarcoma, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer Japan, Tokyo.

A chapter in an edited book

Fournier, S., Doan, V.D., Joseph, V., 2012. Sex-Specific Effects of Daily Gavage with a Mixed Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats, in: Nurse, C.A., Gonzalez, C., Peers, C., Prabhakar, N. (Eds.), Arterial Chemoreception: From Molecules to Systems, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 29–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Vitamin Supplement Prevents Noise-Induced Hearing Loss In Mice [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/vitamin-supplement-prevents-noise-induced-hearing-loss-mice/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2016. Federal Student Loans: Education Could Improve Direct Loan Program Customer Service and Oversight (No. GAO-16-523). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goldner, V.R., 2010. Arizona nurses’ attitudes toward legislated minimum staffing ratios: Impact on the workplace (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S., 2000. Missed Opportunities Are the Liberty’s Downfall. New York Times D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donley, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Chin and Gray, 2008; Donley, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chin and Gray, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Bénazet et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-9351
Scope	Biochemistry General Environmental Science