How to format your references using the Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Antonucci, R., 2013. Astrophysics: Quasars still defy explanation. Nature 495, 165–167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ruhl, H.A., Smith, K.L., Jr, 2004. Shifts in deep-sea community structure linked to climate and food supply. Science 305, 513–515.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wall, D.H., Nielsen, U.N., Six, J., 2015. Soil biodiversity and human health. Nature 528, 69–76.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pangala, S.R., Enrich-Prast, A., Basso, L.S., Peixoto, R.B., Bastviken, D., Hornibrook, E.R.C., Gatti, L.V., Marotta, H., Calazans, L.S.B., Sakuragui, C.M., Bastos, W.R., Malm, O., Gloor, E., Miller, J.B., Gauci, V., 2018. Erratum: Large emissions from floodplain trees close the Amazon methane budget. Nature 553, 366.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nicholls, D.L., Piergrossi, J.C., Gibertoni, C. de S., Daniel, M.A., 2013. Psychoanalytic Thinking in Occupational Therapy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Dellheim, J., Wolf, F.O. (Eds.), 2016. Rosa Luxemburg: A Permanent Challenge for Political Economy: On the History and the Present of Luxemburg’s “Accumulation of Capital,” Luxemburg International Studies in Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Lindell, A.Y., 2009. Comparison-Based Key Exchange and the Security of the Numeric Comparison Mode in Bluetooth v2.1, in: Fischlin, M. (Ed.), Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2009: The Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 20-24, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 66–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. New Information On Nerve Repair May Bring Hope To Spinal Injury Patients [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-information-nerve-repair-may-bring-hope-spinal-injury-patients/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Aviation Safety: FAA Is Considering Changes to Aviation Medical Standards (No. RCED-90-68FS). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nakano, A.M., 2012. Community college swirlers and the transfer function (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Broderick, J.T., Jr., George, R.M., 2010. A Nation of Do-It-Yourself Lawyers. New York Times A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Antonucci, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Antonucci, 2013; Ruhl and Smith, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ruhl and Smith, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Pangala et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0013-9351
Scope	Biochemistry General Environmental Science