How to format your references using the Environmental Modelling and Software citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Modelling and Software. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stillman, B., 2001. DNA replication. Genomic views of genome duplication. Science 294, 2301–2304.

A journal article with 2 authors

Glass, K., Girvan, M., 2014. Annotation enrichment analysis: an alternative method for evaluating the functional properties of gene sets. Sci. Rep. 4, 4191.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weston, C.R., Lambright, D.G., Davis, R.J., 2002. Signal transduction. MAP kinase signaling specificity. Science 296, 2345–2347.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, B., Primeau, T.M., Myers, N., Rohrs, H.W., Gross, M.L., Lybarger, L., Hansen, T.H., Connolly, J.M., 2009. A single peptide-MHC complex positively selects a diverse and specific CD8 T cell repertoire. Science 326, 871–874.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnes, T., 2013. Constantine. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

Tilkemeier, P.L., Hendel, R.C., Heller, G.V., Case, J.A. (Eds.), 2016. Quality Evaluation in Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Guerreiro, R.P.R., 2005. Accessibility of Database Information to Facilitate Early Detection of Extreme Events to Help Mitigate Their Impacts on Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in: Sivakumar, M.V.K., Motha, R.P., Das, H.P. (Eds.), Natural Disasters and Extreme Events in Agriculture: Impacts and Mitigation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 51–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Modelling and Software.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Chief of Copenhagen Zoo Speaks Out About Giraffe Controversy [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/chief-copenhagen-zoo-speaks-out-about-giraffe-controversy/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Success Depends Upon Strong Management and Structured Approach (No. T-AIMD-97-173). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia, R., 2010. The California State University education doctorate: Public policy for the public good (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2006. Federal Judges Take Steps To Improve Accountability. New York Times A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stillman, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Glass and Girvan, 2014; Stillman, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Glass and Girvan, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Modelling and Software
Abbreviation	Environ. Model. Softw.
ISSN (print)	1364-8152
Scope	Software Ecological Modelling Environmental Engineering