How to format your references using the Environmental Modelling and Software citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Modelling and Software. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thomas, C.D., 2013. The Anthropocene could raise biological diversity. Nature 502, 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stechmann, A., Cavalier-Smith, T., 2002. Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion. Science 297, 89–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakami, K.S., Masuda, S., Darst, S.A., 2002. Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution. Science 296, 1280–1284.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nishida, M., Maruyama, Y., Tanaka, R., Kontani, K., Nagao, T., Kurose, H., 2000. G alpha(i) and G alpha(o) are target proteins of reactive oxygen species. Nature 408, 492–495.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kitai, A., 2011. Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Diodes: The role of the PN junction. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Labuhn, D., 2009. Keine Panik vor Thermodynamik!: Erfolg und Spaß im klassischen „Dickbrettbohrerfach“ des Ingenieurstudiums, 4., aktualisierte Auflage. ed. Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden.

A chapter in an edited book

Wipf, D., Zhang, H., 2013. Analysis of Bayesian Blind Deconvolution, in: Heyden, A., Kahl, F., Olsson, C., Oskarsson, M., Tai, X.-C. (Eds.), Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 9th International Conference, EMMCVPR 2013, Lund, Sweden, August 19-21, 2013. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 40–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Modelling and Software.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. True color of ancient sea creatures revealed by fossilized pigment [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/true-color-ancient-sea-creatures-revealed-fossilized-pigment/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Head Start: Challenges in Monitoring Program Quality and Demonstrating Results (No. HEHS-98-186). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davidson, A.R., 2013. Computerized physician order entry: An outlook on successful implementation among ambulatory care settings (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2008. On Court That Defied Labeling, Kennedy Made the Boldest Mark. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thomas, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Stechmann and Cavalier-Smith, 2002; Thomas, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stechmann and Cavalier-Smith, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Nishida et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Modelling and Software
Abbreviation	Environ. Model. Softw.
ISSN (print)	1364-8152
Scope	Software Ecological Modelling Environmental Engineering