How to format your references using the Environmental Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Toggweiler, J.R., 2009. Climate change. Shifting westerlies. Science 323, 1434–1435.

A journal article with 2 authors

Murakami, M., Kouyama, T., 2008. Crystal structure of squid rhodopsin. Nature 453, 363–367.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wisse, B.E., Kim, F., Schwartz, M.W., 2007. Physiology. An integrative view of obesity. Science 318, 928–929.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Piffanelli, P., Ramsay, L., Waugh, R., Benabdelmouna, A., D’Hont, A., Hollricher, K., Jørgensen, J.H., Schulze-Lefert, P., Panstruga, R., 2004. A barley cultivation-associated polymorphism conveys resistance to powdery mildew. Nature 430, 887–891.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bolstad, W.M., Curran, J.M., 2016. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, Third Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Holz, F.G., Spaide, R. (Eds.), 2010. Medical Retina: Focus on Retinal Imaging, Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Jézéquel, J.-M., Barais, O., Fleurey, F., 2011. Model Driven Language Engineering with Kermeta, in: Fernandes, J.M., Lämmel, R., Visser, J., Saraiva, J. (Eds.), Generative and Transformational Techniques in Software Engineering III: International Summer School, GTTSE 2009, Braga, Portugal, July 6-11, 2009. Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 201–221.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Development.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. “Scarface,” The Beloved Bear Of Yellowstone Park, Has Been Killed [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Los Angeles Red Line: Financing Decisions Could Affect This and Other Los Angeles County Rail Capital Projects (No. RCED-96-147). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crane, C.C., 2017. A Qualitative Study on the Preferred Working Environment of Southern California Secondary Teachers with Experience in Both a District Traditional School and a District Charter School (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Glionna, J.M., 2016. A Vietnam-Era Deserter Hopes to Rally a New Antiwar Generation. New York Times A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Toggweiler, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Murakami and Kouyama, 2008; Toggweiler, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Murakami and Kouyama, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Piffanelli et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Development
ISSN (print)	2211-4645
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development