How to format your references using the Environmental Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown, R.S., 2005. Hepatitis C and liver transplantation. Nature 436, 973–978.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brockmann, D., Helbing, D., 2013. The hidden geometry of complex, network-driven contagion phenomena. Science 342, 1337–1342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kurth, I., Georgescu, R.E., O’Donnell, M.E., 2013. A solution to release twisted DNA during chromosome replication by coupled DNA polymerases. Nature 496, 119–122.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Aono, T., Kouketsu, S., Murata, A., Kawano, T., 2014. Southward spreading of the Fukushima-derived radiocesium across the Kuroshio Extension in the North Pacific. Sci. Rep. 4, 4276.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walter, R.J., 1998. Practical Compliance with the EPA Risk Management Program. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Shiryaev, A.N., 2008. Optimal Stopping Rules, Stochastic Modelling and Applied Probability. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Fiegl, M., 2016. Therapeutic management of acute myeloid leukemia, in: Hiddemann, W. (Ed.), Handbook of Acute Leukemia. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 41–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Development.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Why Are There So Many Species Of Bugs, But So Few Species Of Human? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-are-there-so-many-species-of-bugs-but-so-few-species-of-human/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2015. Broadcast Exclusivity Rules: Effects of Elimination Would Depend on Other Federal Actions and Industry Response (No. GAO-15-441). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karlen, D.J., 2010. The Biocomplexity of Benthic Communities Associated with a Shallow-water Hydrothermal System in Papua New Guinea (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2007. Cellphone Aside, Step Up for Soup. New York Times NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brown, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Brockmann and Helbing, 2013; Brown, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brockmann and Helbing, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kumamoto et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Development
ISSN (print)	2211-4645
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development