How to format your references using the Environmental Chemistry Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environmental Chemistry Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sutherland WJ (2005) The best solution. Nature 435:569

A journal article with 2 authors

Sanz J, Fayad ZA (2008) Imaging of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nature 451:953–957

A journal article with 3 authors

Glaser A, Mian Z, von Hippel F (2015) NUCLEAR SECURITY. After the Iran deal: Multinational enrichment. Science 348:1320–1322

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yoon W, Boercker JE, Lumb MP, et al (2013) Enhanced open-circuit voltage of PbS nanocrystal quantum dot solar cells. Sci Rep 3:2225

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Neff DJ, Moss RC (2011) The Future of Nonprofits. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Chen C, Larsen R (eds) (2014) Library and Information Sciences: Trends and Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Huo WM, Panesi M, Magin TE (2012) Ionization Phenomena behind Shock Waves. In: Brun R (ed) High Temperature Phenomena in Shock Waves. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 149–192

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environmental Chemistry Letters.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Iron Age Huts Could Give Clue To How The Earth’s Magnetic Poles Switch. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/iron-age-huts-could-give-clue-how-earths-magnetic-poles-switch/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration Did Not Fully Disclose Uses of Personal Information During Secure Flight Program Testing in Initial Privacy Notes, but Has Recently Taken Steps to More Fully Inform the Public. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Littlefield S (2017) Application of Discrete Event Simulation to Modeling Reliability of Highly Parallel Systems with Common Cause Failures. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED MJ (2017) Unilever to Buy South Korean Skin Care Specialist. New York Times B6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sutherland 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Sutherland 2005; Sanz and Fayad 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sanz and Fayad 2008)
Three or more authors: (Yoon et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environmental Chemistry Letters
Abbreviation	Environ. Chem. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1610-3653
ISSN (online)	1610-3661
Scope	Environmental Chemistry

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