How to format your references using the Environment, Development and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment, Development and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baird, B. N. (2006). Comment on “Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5787), 615; author reply 615.

A journal article with 2 authors

Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. (2010). Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5963), 291–295.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Q., Shalaby, N. A., & Buszczak, M. (2014). Changes in rRNA transcription influence proliferation and cell fate within a stem cell lineage. Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6168), 298–301.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Callaway, R. M., Thelen, G. C., Rodriguez, A., & Holben, W. E. (2004). Soil biota and exotic plant invasion. Nature, 427(6976), 731–733.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bottjer, D. J. (2016). Paleoecology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Orlovskaya, N., & Lugovy, M. (Eds.). (2011). Boron Rich Solids: Sensors, Ultra High Temperature Ceramics, Thermoelectrics, Armor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Asadi, S., Farhad Masoudi, S., & Shahriari, M. (2009). Simulation of Human Eye for Ophthalmic Brachytherapy Dosimetry Using MCNP-4C Code. In O. Dössel & W. C. Schlegel (Eds.), World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany: Vol. 25/3 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of Radiation (pp. 9–12). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment, Development and Sustainability.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, February 4). Humans Are Wired For Prejudice But That Doesn’t Have To Be The End Of The Story. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/humans-are-wired-prejudice-doesn-t-have-be-end-story/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). The Stafford Student Loan Program (No. T-HRD-90-13). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saguilig, L. G. (2017). A Clinical Decision Support System for the Prevention of Genetic-Related Heart Disease (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2016, January 19). Puerto Rico Revises Plan to Reduce Debt as Optimism Dwindles. New York Times, p. B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baird 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Baird 2006; Iwasaki and Medzhitov 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Iwasaki and Medzhitov 2010)
Three or more authors: (Callaway et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment, Development and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Environ. Dev. Sustain.
ISSN (print)	1387-585X
ISSN (online)	1573-2975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development

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