How to format your references using the Environment, Development and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment, Development and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cripton, P. A. (2013). Perspective: Protecting the neck. Nature, 503(7475), S13.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feld, J. J., & Hoofnagle, J. H. (2005). Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C. Nature, 436(7053), 967–972.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, D.-H., Kwon, K.-H., & Yi, C. S. (2011). Selective catalytic C-H alkylation of alkenes with alcohols. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6049), 1613–1616.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sorrentino, V., Romani, M., Mouchiroud, L., Beck, J. S., Zhang, H., D’Amico, D., et al. (2017). Enhancing mitochondrial proteostasis reduces amyloid-β proteotoxicity. Nature, 552(7684), 187–193.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Katada, S. N., & Solís, M. (Eds.). (2008). Cross Regional Trade Agreements: Understanding Permeated Regionalism in East Asia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Scales, R., & Buman, M. P. (2016). Paradigms of Lifestyle Medicine and Wellness. In J. I. Mechanick & R. F. Kushner (Eds.), Lifestyle Medicine: A Manual for Clinical Practice (pp. 29–40). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment, Development and Sustainability.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, July 8). In Spite Of The Headlines, You Don’t Need To Be Afraid Of Self-Driving Cars. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). University Finances: Research Revenues and Expenditures (No. RCED-86-162BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grether, S. (2012). All You Need is Love? An Examination of Interracial Divorce (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. (2006, January 16). Arts, Briefly; Home-Grown Films Are Booming in Russia. New York Times, p. E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cripton 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Cripton 2013; Feld and Hoofnagle 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Feld and Hoofnagle 2005)
Three or more authors: (Sorrentino et al. 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment, Development and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Environ. Dev. Sustain.
ISSN (print)	1387-585X
ISSN (online)	1573-2975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development