How to format your references using the Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. McGraw, Humidity, ice, and nitric acid, Science 304 (2004) 961–3; author reply 961-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.D. Cuthbertson, D.W.C. MacMillan, The direct arylation of allylic sp(3) C-H bonds via organic and photoredox catalysis, Nature 519 (2015) 74–77.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Tomishige, D.R. Klopfenstein, R.D. Vale, Conversion of Unc104/KIF1A kinesin into a processive motor after dimerization, Science 297 (2002) 2263–2267.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Ao, M.J. Dekkers, Q. Wei, X. Qiang, G. Xiao, New evidence for early presence of hominids in North China, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. Cronin, Reading Victorian Poetry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

A.G. Barnett, Analysing Seasonal Health Data, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Walker, Population Ageing from a Global and Theoretical Perspective: European Lessons on Active Ageing, in: T. Moulaert, S. Garon (Eds.), Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in International Comparison: Political Lessons, Scientific Avenues, and Democratic Issues, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Gene Found That Harms Males, Not Females, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gene-found-that-harms-males-not-females/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, NASA Procurement: Approach to Sharing Risk Under Certain Research and Development Contracts Is Starting to Change, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

O.O. Adetunji, The Nature of Electronic States in Conducting Polymer Nano-Networks, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, Social Security Loses $50 Million a Year in Benefit Overpayment, New York Times (2010) A3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Failure Analysis
Abbreviation	Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)	1350-6307
Scope	General Engineering General Materials Science