How to format your references using the Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Koen, Nuts and bolts. Totally stumped?, Nature 431 (2004) 722.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Rosch, M. Caparon, A microdomain for protein secretion in Gram-positive bacteria, Science 304 (2004) 1513–1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T.P. Guilderson, P.J. Reimer, T.A. Brown, Geoscience. The boon and bane of radiocarbon dating, Science 307 (2005) 362–364.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X.Y. Chin, J. Yin, Z. Wang, M. Caironi, C. Soci, Mapping polarons in polymer FETs by charge modulation microscopy in the mid-infrared, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 3626.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D.K. Sarker, Pharmaceutical Emulsions, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

R. Moreno-Díaz, F. Pichler, A. Quesada-Arencibia, eds., Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009: 12th International Conference, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, February 15-20, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Golkar, Student Activism, Social Media, and Authoritarian Rule in Iran, in: I. Epstein (Ed.), The Whole World Is Texting: Youth Protest in the Information Age, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2015: pp. 61–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, How Long Have HIV’s Ancestors Been Infecting Primates?, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-long-have-hivs-ancestors-been-infecting-primates/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Federal Research: Evaluation of Small Business Innovation Research Can Be Strengthened, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Galvan, A mixed-methods study of mathematics and science achievement of refugee students in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Joy, Who’s That (Cool) Girl?, New York Times (2014) E11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Failure Analysis
Abbreviation	Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)	1350-6307
Scope	General Engineering General Materials Science