How to format your references using the Engineering Failure Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Failure Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. Tromans, Entomology. Love is not puffed up, Nature 404 (2000) 138.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S.A. Desai, L.H. Miller, Malaria: Protein-export pathway illuminated, Nature 511 (2014) 541–542.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Delhase, N. Li, M. Karin, Kinase regulation in inflammatory response, Nature 406 (2000) 367–368.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Nishikawa, M. Iga, J. Yamaguchi, K. Saito, H. Kataoka, Y. Suzuki, S. Sugano, H. Fujiwara, Molecular basis of wing coloration in a Batesian mimic butterfly, Papilio polytes, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3184.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.A. Clayton, Bartolomé de las Casas and the Conquest of the Americas, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

I. Debled-Rennesson, E. Domenjoud, B. Kerautret, P. Even, eds., Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery: 16th IAPR International Conference, DGCI 2011, Nancy, France, April 6-8, 2011. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Sekimoto, J. Katahira, Y. Yoneda, Nuclear Import and Export Signals, in: V. Citovsky (Ed.), Nuclear Import and Export in Plants and Animals, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2005: pp. 50–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Failure Analysis.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, A Possible Alternative To Morphine – Inspired By Spit, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/a-possible-alternative-to-morphine-inspired-by-spit/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Airport Financing: Comparing Funding Sources With Planned Development, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.W. Allen, Popular Culture and War in the Vietnam Era, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Mazzetti, A. Goldman, M.S. Schmidt, Under Trump, Shell of a Force In Syria Swiftly Lost C.I.A. Aid, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Failure Analysis
Abbreviation	Eng. Fail. Anal.
ISSN (print)	1350-6307
Scope	General Engineering General Materials Science