How to format your references using the Energy Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson, D.L.: Geophysics. Top-down tectonics? Science. 293, 2016–2018 (2001)

A journal article with 2 authors

Phan, R.T., Dalla-Favera, R.: The BCL6 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 expression in germinal-centre B cells. Nature. 432, 635–639 (2004)

A journal article with 3 authors

Gadsby, D.C., Vergani, P., Csanády, L.: The ABC protein turned chloride channel whose failure causes cystic fibrosis. Nature. 440, 477–483 (2006)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Barford, C.C., Wofsy, S.C., Goulden, M.L., Munger, J.W., Pyle, E.H., Urbanski, S.P., Hutyra, L., Saleska, S.R., Fitzjarrald, D., Moore, K.: Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest. Science. 294, 1688–1691 (2001)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chiasson, A.D.: Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2016)

An edited book

Blesa, M.J., Blum, C., Raidl, G., Roli, A., Sampels, M. eds: Hybrid Metaheuristics: 7th International Workshop, HM 2010, Vienna, Austria, October 1-2, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

A chapter in an edited book

Hustak, T., Krejcar, O., Selamat, A., Mashinchi, R., Kuca, K.: Principles of Usability in Human-Computer Interaction Driven by an Evaluation Framework of User Actions. In: Younas, M., Awan, I., and Mecella, M. (eds.) Mobile Web and Intelligent Information Systems: 12th International Conference, MobiWis 2015, Rome, Italy, August 24-26, 2015, Proceedings. pp. 51–62. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Systems.

Blog post

Fang, J.: 98 Never-Before-Seen Beetle Species Discovered in Indonesia, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/98-never-seen-beetle-species-discovered-indonesia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Schools and Workplaces: An Overview of Successful and Unsuccessful Practices. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1995)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jujhavarapu, S.: Real Time Driver Drowsiness Detection, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C.: An E.V. That Wraps Around a Wheelchair, (2013)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Systems
Abbreviation	Energy Syst.
ISSN (print)	1868-3967
ISSN (online)	1868-3975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Energy Modelling and Simulation