How to format your references using the Energy Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jonietz, E.: Designing smarter cancer prevention trials. Nature. 471, S20-1 (2011)

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, W., Yuan, D.: Mesoporous carbon originated from non-permanent porous MOFs for gas storage and CO2/CH4 separation. Sci. Rep. 4, 5711 (2014)

A journal article with 3 authors

Oberholzer, S., Sukhorukov, E.V., Schönenberger, C.: Crossover between classical and quantum shot noise in chaotic cavities. Nature. 415, 765–767 (2002)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen, X., Ma, R., Zhou, H., Zhou, X., Che, L., Yao, S., Wang, Z.: Activating the microscale edge effect in a hierarchical surface for frosting suppression and defrosting promotion. Sci. Rep. 3, 2515 (2013)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Spector, P.: Understanding Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ (2016)

An edited book

Loue, S., Sajatovic, M. eds: Determinants of Minority Mental Health and Wellness. Springer, New York, NY (2009)

A chapter in an edited book

Aubrecht, C., Köstl, M., Steinnocher, K.: Population Exposure and Impact Assessment: Benefits of Modeling Urban Land Use in Very High Spatial and Thematic Detail. In: Tavares, J.M.R.S. and Jorge, R.M.N. (eds.) Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing: Recent Trends. pp. 75–89. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: It’s the Final Countdown! Juno is now Only a Year Away from Orbiting Jupiter

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Emergency Communications: Improved Procurement of Land Mobile Radios Could Enhance Interoperability and Cut Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2016)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Radcliffe, M.L.: Random Graphs with Attribute Affinity, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K.: World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Move For Life Terms For Terrorists, (2004)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Systems
Abbreviation	Energy Syst.
ISSN (print)	1868-3967
ISSN (online)	1868-3975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Energy Modelling and Simulation