How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lagunoff D (2002) Portraits of science. A Polish, Jewish scientist in 19th-century Prussia. Science 298:2331

A journal article with 2 authors

Ignés-Mullol J, Schwartz DK (2001) Shear-induced molecular precession in a hexatic Langmuir monolayer. Nature 410:348–351

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Rahilly S, Barroso I, Wareham NJ (2005) Genetic factors in type 2 diabetes: the end of the beginning? Science 307:370–373

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Stayrook S, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Ni J, et al (2008) Crystal structure of the lambda repressor and a model for pairwise cooperative operator binding. Nature 452:1022–1025

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noldus R (2006) CAMEL. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Gries D (2005) Multimedia Introduction to Programming Using Java. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Bandyopadhyay A, Das T, Yeasmin S (2015) Conclusion. In: Das T, Yeasmin S (eds) Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Therapy - Recent Trends. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 63–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) Oldest Orchid Twice As Ancient As Previous Record-Holder. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/oldest-orchid-twice-ancient-as-previous-record-holder/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Telecommunications: States’ Collection and Use of Funds for Wireless Enhanced 911 Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dolan DJ (2017) Structural Evolution of Martin Crater Thaumasia Planum, Mars. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dwyer KP (2005) Still Searching for Equilibrium In the Work-Life Balancing Act. New York Times 101

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope