How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2000) Critics blast US missile defence system as flawed. Nature 404:799

A journal article with 2 authors

Dove W, Susman M (2012) Retrospective. James F. Crow (1916-2012). Science 335:812

A journal article with 3 authors

Adilakshmi T, Bellur DL, Woodson SA (2008) Concurrent nucleation of 16S folding and induced fit in 30S ribosome assembly. Nature 455:1268–1272

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Müller MM, Malinowski P, Gruber T, Hillyard SA (2003) Sustained division of the attentional spotlight. Nature 424:309–312

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

P. Wen E, Ellis R, S. Pujar N (2014) Vaccine Development and Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hoijtink H, Klugkist I, Boelen PA (2008) Bayesian Evaluation of Informative Hypotheses, 1st ed. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Jalava M (2013) The Finnish Model of Higher Education Access. In: Meyer H-D, John EPS, Chankseliani M, Uribe L (eds) Fairness in Access to Higher Education in a Global Perspective: Reconciling Excellence, Efficiency, and Justice. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 79–94

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Scientists Have Measured A Black Hole, And It Has A Mass Of 660 MILLION Suns. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/high-precision-measurements-massive-black-hole/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Evaluation and the Research Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marquez HH (2017) Social Capital, Academics, and Sense of Belonging among High School Foster Youth. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1993) The First Couple: A Union of Mind and Ambition. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope