How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson K (2015) Talks in the city of light generate more heat. Nature 528:437

A journal article with 2 authors

Moffatt HK, Shimomura Y (2002) Classical dynamics: spinning eggs--a paradox resolved. Nature 416:385–386

A journal article with 3 authors

Ding YS, Chan CT, Wang RP (2013) Optical waves in a gradient negative-index lens of a half-infinite length. Sci Rep 3:2954

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ratzinger F, Haslacher H, Poeppl W, et al (2014) Azithromycin suppresses CD4(+) T-cell activation by direct modulation of mTOR activity. Sci Rep 4:7438

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wallgren A, Wallgren B (2014) Register-Based Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Winckler M, Johnson H, Palanque P (2007) Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design: 6th International Workshop, TAMODIA 2007, Toulouse, France, November 7-9, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Postema PG, Van den Berg MP, Van Tintelen JP, et al (2014) Founder mutations in the Netherlands: SCN5a 1795insD, the first described arrhythmia overlap syndrome and one of the largest and best characterised families worldwide*. In: Wilde AAM, Tintelen JP van (eds) Founder mutations in inherited cardiac diseases in the Netherlands. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten, pp 21–27

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Film Rare Sperm Whale Encounter 600 Meters Below The Gulf Of Mexico. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Self-Sufficiency: Opportunities and Disincentives on the Road to Economic Independence. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watson YM (2019) Federal Managers’ Use of Evidence (Performance Measurement Data and Evaluation Results): Are We There Yet? Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly DA (2007) Fast Cellphones Aim To Unseat Laptops. New York Times SPG9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope