How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Logothetis NK (2008) What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature 453:869–878

A journal article with 2 authors

Miller FD, Kaplan DR (2002) Neurobiology. TRK makes the retrograde. Science 295:1471–1473

A journal article with 3 authors

Wessling M, Morcillo LG, Abdu S (2014) Nanometer-thick lateral polyelectrolyte micropatterns induce macrosopic electro-osmotic chaotic fluid instabilities. Sci Rep 4:4294

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang Z, Zhang J, Kwong G, et al (2013) All-carbon sp-sp2 hybrid structures: geometrical properties, current rectification, and current amplification. Sci Rep 3:2575

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Charalambides CA (2016) Discrete q-Distributions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Narey M (2009) Making Meaning: Constructing Multimodal Perspectives of Language, Literacy, and Learning through Arts-based Early Childhood Education. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

De Meyer A (2006) The Role of European Governments in the Digital Economy. In: Dutta S, Meyer AD, Jain A, Richter G (eds) The Information Society in an Enlarged Europe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 125–150

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) A Global Dust Storm Might Cover Mars In A Matter Of Weeks. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-global-dust-storm-might-cover-mars-in-a-matter-of-weeks/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) America COMPETES Act: It Is Too Early to Evaluate Programs Long-Term Effectiveness, but Agencies Could Improve Reporting of High-Risk, High-Reward Research Priorities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barrie DB (2010) On the interaction of wind energy with climate and weather. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG (2015) Comics, Classic and Newer, Make a Comeback. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope