How to format your references using the Energy for Sustainable Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy for Sustainable Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weintraub, K. (2013). Biomedicine: The new gold standard. Nature, 495(7440), S14-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pasare, C., & Medzhitov, R. (2003). Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5609), 1033–1036.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kelber, A., Balkenius, A., & Warrant, E. J. (2002). Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature, 419(6910), 922–925.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Törnroth-Horsefield, S., Wang, Y., Hedfalk, K., Johanson, U., Karlsson, M., Tajkhorshid, E., Neutze, R., & Kjellbom, P. (2006). Structural mechanism of plant aquaporin gating. Nature, 439(7077), 688–694.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kowalick, T. M. (2004). Fatal Exit. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bivand, R. S. (2013). Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R (E. Pebesma & V. Gómez-Rubio, Eds.; 2nd ed. 2013, Vol. 10). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Malatesta, L., Karpouzis, K., & Raouzaiou, A. (2009). Affective Intelligence: The Human Face of AI. In M. Bramer (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence An International Perspective: An International Perspective (pp. 53–70). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy for Sustainable Development.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, August 19). Factories In Space: How Extra-Terrestrial Industry Could Keep Humans Alive. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/factories-in-space-how-extraterrestrial-industry-could-keep-humans-alive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Review of Accounts, CAB Through June 30, 1971 (092436). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boerger, E. M. (2014). Natural regeneration dynamics of red oak seedlings in Mississippi bottomland forests [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman, R., & Walsh, M. W. (2014, January 15). Task Force Report Urges Municipalities to Stop Hiding Fiscal Troubles. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weintraub, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Pasare & Medzhitov, 2003; Weintraub, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pasare & Medzhitov, 2003)
Three authors: (Kelber et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Törnroth-Horsefield et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy for Sustainable Development
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0973-0826
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development