How to format your references using the Energy, Ecology and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Ecology and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Catterall WA (2001) Physiology. A one-domain voltage-gated sodium channel in bacteria. Science 294:2306–2308

A journal article with 2 authors

Mishima O, Suzuki Y (2002) Propagation of the polyamorphic transition of ice and the liquid-liquid critical point. Nature 419:599–603

A journal article with 3 authors

Perner J, Mauer MC, Hildenbrand M (2011) Identity: key to children’s understanding of belief. Science 333:474–477

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yamamoto E, Akimoto T, Yasui M, Yasuoka K (2014) Origin of subdiffusion of water molecules on cell membrane surfaces. Sci Rep 4:4720

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wagner D, Balog E (2012) Advanced Technical Analysis of ETFs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gallagher P, Desmond D, MacLachlan M (eds) (2008) Psychoprosthetics. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Tamate HB (2009) Evolutionary Significance of Admixture and Fragmentation of Sika Deer Populations in Japan. In: McCullough DR, Takatsuki S, Kaji K (eds) Sika Deer: Biology and Management of Native and Introduced Populations. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 43–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Ecology and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Anxiety can be Inherited from your Parents. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/anxiety-may-be-transferred-parent-child/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Follow-Up on Contracting Issues at Denver International Airport. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith CA (2014) Teacher and Student Perceptions of Bullying at Leclaire School. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Friedman L, Schwartz J (2017) Warm Gulf Fuels the Rain and Gives It Nowhere to Go. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Catterall 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Catterall 2001; Mishima and Suzuki 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mishima and Suzuki 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yamamoto et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Ecology and Environment
Abbreviation	Energy Ecol. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-7692
ISSN (online)	2363-8338
Scope