How to format your references using the Energy, Ecology and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Ecology and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sherman W (2009) Materials science. Building a better nano-biped. Science 324:46–47

A journal article with 2 authors

Jacobs HO, Whitesides GM (2001) Submicrometer patterning of charge in thin-film electrets. Science 291:1763–1766

A journal article with 3 authors

Sachs JP, Anderson RF, Lehman SJ (2001) Glacial surface temperatures of the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Science 293:2077–2079

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rosmi MS, Yusop MZ, Kalita G, et al (2014) Visualizing copper assisted graphene growth in nanoscale. Sci Rep 4:7563

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nicu L, Leïchlé T (2013) Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Biosensors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Cutchin MP, Dickie VA (eds) (2013) Transactional Perspectives on Occupation. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Baudrier É, Mazo L (2016) Curve Digitization Variability. In: Normand N, Guédon J, Autrusseau F (eds) Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery: 19th IAPR International Conference, DGCI 2016, Nantes, France, April 18-20, 2016. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 59–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Ecology and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Milky Way galaxy likely formed inside out. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) DOD Personnel: More Accurate Estimate of Overdue Security Clearance Reinvestigations Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anaya S (2009) Animo clinician training program for detection and treatment of depression during pregnancy and postpartum depression in low income Latina women a grant proposal project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Story L, Walsh MW (2010) U.S. Is Said To Seek Way To Cut Ties With A.I.G. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sherman 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Jacobs and Whitesides 2001; Sherman 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jacobs and Whitesides 2001)
Three or more authors: (Rosmi et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Ecology and Environment
Abbreviation	Energy Ecol. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-7692
ISSN (online)	2363-8338
Scope