How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Triendl R. A clash of two cultures. Nature 2002;419:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sung CO, Sohn I. The expression pattern of 19 genes predicts the histology of endometrial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014;4:5174.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fuerstman MJ, Garstecki P, Whitesides GM. Coding/decoding and reversibility of droplet trains in microfluidic networks. Science 2007;315:828–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Arriola DJ, Carnahan EM, Hustad PD, Kuhlman RL, Wenzel TT. Catalytic production of olefin block copolymers via chain shuttling polymerization. Science 2006;312:714–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Wempen F. Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2010 Bible. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Vaidyanathan S, Harrigan GG, Goodacre R, editors. Metabolome Analyses: Strategies for Systems Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Torres A, Cillóniz C. Methods for preventing pneumonia. In: Cillóniz C, editor. Clinical Management of Bacterial Pneumonia, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 57–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management: X.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Earliest Case of Leprosy in the UK Found in 1,500-Year-Old Skeleton. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Services to Indian Head Start Grantees Under a Special Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Igbojekwe SC. Development of Environmental Friendly Cement for Oil and Gas Well Application. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. New Plan Approved for Kings Park Property. New York Times 2007:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1745
Scope