How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Skands P. Particle physics: The mass of a top. Nature 2014;514:174–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cande SC, Stegman DR. Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Réunion plume head. Nature 2011;475:47–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Pullium JK, Roble GS, Raymond MA. Emergency planning: Be prepared. Nature 2014;514:430.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bienvenu F, Jirawatnotai S, Elias JE, Meyer CA, Mizeracka K, Marson A, et al. Transcriptional role of cyclin D1 in development revealed by a genetic-proteomic screen. Nature 2010;463:374–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ghiani G, Laporte G, Musmanno R. Introduction to Logistics Systems Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Xiang Y, Cuzzocrea A, Hobbs M, Zhou W, editors. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 11th International Conference, ICA300 2011, Melbourne, Australia, October 24-26, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 7017. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Trayanova N, Plank G. Bidomain Model of Defibrillation. In: Efimov IR, Kroll MW, Tchou PJ, editors. Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy: Mechanisms and Practical Implications, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009, p. 85–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management: X.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Planet Spotted Forming In Binary System. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/binary-stars-throw-forming-planets-lifeline/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Science And Technology: Air Force’s Planning Process Meets Statutory Requirement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ports MO. Laterally associated proteins modulate α6 integrin cleavage, a permissive process utilized during cancer metastasis. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Johnson G. Den of Antiquities. New York Times 2010:BR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1745
Scope