How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Padma TV. Rivalry and red tape. Nature 2005;436:490–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rizki A, Lundblad V. Defects in mismatch repair promote telomerase-independent proliferation. Nature 2001;411:713–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

McKemy DD, Neuhausser WM, Julius D. Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 2002;416:52–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yusa K, Rashid ST, Strick-Marchand H, Varela I, Liu P-Q, Paschon DE, et al. Targeted gene correction of α1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2011;478:391–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Cunningham V. Victorian Poetry Now. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Tsaftaris SA, Gooya A, Frangi AF, Prince JL, editors. Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging: First International Workshop, SASHIMI 2016, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2016, Athens, Greece, October 21, 2016, Proceedings. vol. 9968. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Amjad B. A4 Surgical Instruments. In: Carachi R, Agarwala S, Bradnock TJ, Lim Tan H, Cascio S, editors. Basic Techniques in Pediatric Surgery: An Operative Manual, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 11–20.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management: X.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. 10 Gross Organisms That could Be Living In Your Bed Right Now. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/10-gross-things-might-live-your-bed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airport Privatization: Issues Related to the Sale or Lease of U.S. Commercial Airports. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Smith C. The affect of acculturation on obesity among foreign-born Asians residing in the United States. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pear R, Kaplan T. Senate Unveils Health Bill With Deep Medicaid Cuts, Similar to House Version. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1745
Scope