How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kaiser J. TOXICOLOGY: Just How Bad Is Dioxin? Science 2000;288:1941b–4b.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Day KP, Fowkes FJI. Microbiology. Quantifying malaria dynamics within the host. Science 2011;333:943–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Song J, Gao X, Galán JE. Structure and function of the Salmonella Typhi chimaeric A(2)B(5) typhoid toxin. Nature 2013;499:350–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ono M, Terabe H, Hori H, Sasaki M. Insect signalling: components of giant hornet alarm pheromone. Nature 2003;424:637–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Liu W, Pecht M. IC Component Sockets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Theeramunkong T, Kijsirikul B, Cercone N, Ho T-B, editors. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 13th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2009 Bangkok, Thailand, April 27-30, 2009 Proceedings. vol. 5476. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Rutschow S, Noutsias M, Pauschinger M. Myocardial Proteases and Matrix Remodeling in Acute Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. In: Schultheiss H-P, Noutsias M, editors. Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (DCMi): Pathogenesis and Therapy, Basel: Birkhäuser; 2010, p. 71–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Lava Lake Appears Atop African Volcano. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-lava-lake-appears-atop-african-volcano/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. James Webb Space Telescope: Project Meeting Cost and Schedule Commitments but Continues to Use Reserves to Address Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Chitrampalam P. Biological control of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia spp. using Coniothyrium minitans and elucidation of biochemical interactions during mycoparasitism. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kanter J. E.U. Leader Urges Simplifying Bloc. New York Times 2017:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management
Abbreviation	Energy Convers. Manag.
ISSN (print)	0196-8904
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Nuclear Energy and Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment