How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wunsch C. Oceanography. What is the thermohaline circulation? Science 2002;298:1179–81.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Caliskan S, Laref A. Spin transport properties of n-polyacene molecules (n = 1-15) connected to Ni surface electrodes: theoretical analysis. Sci Rep 2014;4:7363.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Alanyali M, Moat HS, Preis T. Quantifying the relationship between financial news and the stock market. Sci Rep 2013;3:3578.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Pang B, Cheng S, Sun S-P, An C, Liu Z-Y, Feng X, et al. Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations and their association with hormone receptor expression in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014;4:6255.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ji Z-G. Hydrodynamics and Water Quality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Deng H, Miao D, Lei J, Wang FL, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence: Third International Conference, AICI 2011, Taiyuan, China, September 24-25, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 7003. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fournais S, Helffer B. Constant Field Models in Dimension 2: Noncompact Case. In: Helffer B, editor. Spectral Methods in Surface Superconductivity, Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2009, p. 45–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. The 25 Highest-Paying Jobs In America In 2017. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-25-highestpaying-jobs-in-america-in-2017/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. GAO Evaluation of Report by Technassociates, Inc., on the Evaluation of Written Products Delivered by the National Center for Research in Vocational Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

McFarland-Mancini M. Prolactin Production by Human Breast Adipose Tissue and Adipocytes. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hubbard B, Saad H. Thousands Evacuated From Besieged Syrian Towns. New York Times 2017:A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management
Abbreviation	Energy Convers. Manag.
ISSN (print)	0196-8904
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Nuclear Energy and Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment