How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ball P. DNA: Celebrate the unknowns. Nature 2013;496:419–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Joshi NS, Jacks T. Immunology. Guilty by association. Science 2013;339:1160–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Song H, Stevens CF, Gage FH. Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells. Nature 2002;417:39–44.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sun Q-Q, Wang L-H, Yang W, Zhou P, Wang P-F, Ding S-J, et al. Atomic scale investigation of a graphene nano-ribbon based high efficiency spin valve. Sci Rep 2013;3:2921.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Horstmeyer SL. The Weather Almanac. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gavrilova ML, Tan CJK, Moreno ED, editors. Transactions on Computational Science XI: Special Issue on Security in Computing, Part II. vol. 6480. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Garima Yadav, Saurabh Maheshwari, Anjali Agarwal. Multi-domain Image Enhancement of Foggy Images Using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Method. In: Afzalpulkar N, Srivastava V, Singh G, Bhatnagar D, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing: ICRCWIP-2014, New Delhi: Springer India; 2016, p. 31–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. How Ethiopian Highlanders Adapted To Their Low Oxygen Conditions. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-ethiopian-highlanders-adapted-their-low-oxygen-conditions/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: State Department Needs To Make Fundamental Improvements To Its Year 2000 Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hoefer PD. A David against Goliath: The American veterans committee’s challenge to the American legion in the 1950s. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Quain JR. Cars Will Talk to One Another. Exactly How Is Less Certain. New York Times 2017:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management
Abbreviation	Energy Convers. Manag.
ISSN (print)	0196-8904
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Nuclear Energy and Engineering Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment