How to format your references using the Energies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Freeman, K.H. Earth Science: Controls on Isotopic Gradients in Rain. Nature 2014, 516, 41–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hood, L.; Galas, D. The Digital Code of DNA. Nature 2003, 421, 444–448.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu, J.; Gong, P.; Zhou, X. The Association between Romantic Relationship Status and 5-HT1A Gene in Young Adults. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 7049.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, J.; Chen, L.; Li, L.; He, J.; Chen, J.; Jiang, C.; Wang, W.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Zhang, R. Preliminary Identification of Palaeofloods with the Alkane Ratio C31/C17 and Their Potential Link to Global Climate Changes. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mainardi, R.L. Harnessing the Power of Continuous Auditing; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781118269121.

An edited book

Algorithmic Algebraic Combinatorics and Gröbner Bases; Klin, M., Jones, G.A., Jurišić, A., Muzychuk, M., Ponomarenko, I., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009; ISBN 9783642019593.

A chapter in an edited book

Keith, S.A.; Waller, M.S.; Geissmann, T. Vocal Diversity of Kloss’s Gibbons (Hylobates Klossii) in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. In The Gibbons: New Perspectives on Small Ape Socioecology and Population Biology; Whittaker, D., Lappan, S., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2009; pp. 51–71 ISBN 9780387886039.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. Scientists Can Now Submit Proposals To Use NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-can-now-submit-proposals-to-use-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Next Generation Air Transportation System: FAA Has Made Some Progress in Implementation, but Delays Threaten to Impact Costs and Benefits; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2011;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Araki, P.R. Golden Years Home Residential Care Facility for the Elderly. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. Upending a Whodunit. New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energies
Abbreviation	Energies
ISSN (online)	1996-1073
Scope	General Computer Science