How to format your references using the Energies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wine, J.J. Medicine. Letting Go of Mucus. Science 2014, 345, 730–731.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rabosky, D.L.; Sorhannus, U. Diversity Dynamics of Marine Planktonic Diatoms across the Cenozoic. Nature 2009, 457, 183–186.

A journal article with 3 authors

Balazs, A.C.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T.P. Nanoparticle Polymer Composites: Where Two Small Worlds Meet. Science 2006, 314, 1107–1110.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A.D. Magnetic Field-Induced Superconductivity in the Ferromagnet URhGe. Science 2005, 309, 1343–1346.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopp, V. Grundlagen Der Life Sciences; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, FRG, 2000; ISBN 9783527603251.

An edited book

Packaging for Sustainability; Verghese, K., Lewis, H., Fitzpatrick, L., Eds.; Springer: London, 2012; ISBN 9780857299871.

A chapter in an edited book

Facucho-Oliveira, J.; Kulkarni, T.; Machado-Oliveira, G.; St. John, J.C. From Pluripotency to Differentiation: The Role of MtDNA in Stem Cell Models of Mitochondrial Diseases. In Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondria, Disease and Stem Cells; St. John, J.C., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2013; pp. 87–118 ISBN 9781627031004.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energies.

Blog post

Davis, J. Middle Eastern Organization Requests First Ever Withdrawal From The “Doomsday” Seed Vault Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/middle-eastern-organization-requests-first-ever-withdrawal-doomsday-seed-vault/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Aviation Services: Automation and Consolidation of Flight Service Stations; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1988;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winkelhake, B. Verbal Argumentativeness: A Study of Retail Store Managers. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B. Russian, Making Use of Rule, Again Prospers Without Succeeding. New York Times 2017, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energies
Abbreviation	Energies
ISSN (online)	1996-1073
Scope	General Computer Science