How to format your references using the Empirica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichhardt T (2005) Touched by an angel. Nature 435:734–735

A journal article with 2 authors

Tulaczyk S, Hossainzadeh S (2011) Geochemistry. Antarctica’s deep frozen “lakes.” Science 331:1524–1525

A journal article with 3 authors

Kawase H, Okata Y, Ito K (2013) Role of huge geometric circular structures in the reproduction of a marine pufferfish. Sci Rep 3:2106

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cella M, Fuchs A, Vermi W, et al (2009) A human natural killer cell subset provides an innate source of IL-22 for mucosal immunity. Nature 457:722–725

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson RL, Murtha FF (2010) MarketPsych. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dolev S, Cobb J, Fischer M, Yung M (eds) (2010) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems: 12th International Symposium, SSS 2010, New York, NY, USA, September 20-22, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Golovach PA, Paulusma D, Song J (2012) Closing Complexity Gaps for Coloring Problems on H-Free Graphs. In: Chao K-M, Hsu T-S, Lee D-T (eds) Algorithms and Computation: 23rd International Symposium, ISAAC 2012, Taipei, Taiwan, December 19-21, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 14–23

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirica.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) ‘Climate Hacking’ Would Be Easy – That Doesn’t Mean We Should Do It. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/climate-hacking-would-be-easy-doesn-t-mean-we-should-do-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975) Federal Communications Commission’s Effort To Implement the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richards O (2017) Teachers’ Perceptions About the Value of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: A Case Study. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Slotnik DE (2017) Greg Marius, 59, Impresario of Harlem Street Ball. New York Times B16

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reichhardt 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Reichhardt 2005; Tulaczyk and Hossainzadeh 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tulaczyk and Hossainzadeh 2011)
Three or more authors: (Cella et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirica
Abbreviation	Empirica
ISSN (print)	0340-8744
ISSN (online)	1573-6911
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development

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