How to format your references using the Empirica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rangel TF (2012) Ecology. Amazonian extinction debts. Science 337:162–163

A journal article with 2 authors

DiNardo S, Braun RE (2007) Developmental biology. Home for the precious few. Science 317:1696–1697

A journal article with 3 authors

Royle NJ, Russell AF, Wilson AJ (2014) The evolution of flexible parenting. Science 345:776–781

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kassen R, Buckling A, Bell G, Rainey PB (2000) Diversity peaks at intermediate productivity in a laboratory microcosm. Nature 406:508–512

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raczynski S (2006) Modeling and Simulation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, England

An edited book

Dijke PT, Heldin C-H (eds) (2006) Smad Signal Transduction: Smads in Proliferation, Differentiation and Disease. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Borcoci E, Pinto A, Mehaoua A, et al (2008) Resource Management and Signalling Architecture of a Hybrid Multicast Service for Multimedia Distribution. In: Pavlou G, Ahmed T, Dagiuklas T (eds) Management of Converged Multimedia Networks and Services: 11th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services, MMNS 2008, Samos Island, Greece, September 22-26, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 39–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirica.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Computer Algorithm Can Figure Out If You’re Suicidal. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/computer-algorithm-figure-out-if-youre-suicidal/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Aviation Safety: FAA Can Better Prepare General Aviation Pilots for Mountain Flying Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cheung LC (2017) Mixture models for left- and interval-censored data and concordance indices for composite survival outcomes. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2016) Hip Injury Forces Kyrgios to Withdraw; Journeyman Challenges Murray. New York Times SP8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rangel 2012).
This sentence cites two references (DiNardo and Braun 2007; Rangel 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (DiNardo and Braun 2007)
Three or more authors: (Kassen et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirica
Abbreviation	Empirica
ISSN (print)	0340-8744
ISSN (online)	1573-6911
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development