How to format your references using the Empirica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Empirica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A (2000) German researchers seek legal backing for stem cell work. Nature 404:424

A journal article with 2 authors

Tan S, Lü J (2014) Characterizing the effect of population heterogeneity on evolutionary dynamics on complex networks. Sci Rep 4:5034

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo ZX, Crompton AW, Sun AL (2001) A new mammaliaform from the early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics. Science 292:1535–1540

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zilony N, Tzur-Balter A, Segal E, Shefi O (2013) Bombarding cancer: biolistic delivery of therapeutics using porous Si carriers. Sci Rep 3:2499

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ng R (2005) Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Platen E (2010) Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Finance. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Tiwari GN, Tiwari A, Shyam (2016) Flat-Plate Collectors. In: Tiwari A, Shyam (eds) Handbook of Solar Energy: Theory, Analysis and Applications. Springer, Singapore, pp 171–246

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Empirica.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Photographer and Leopard Seal Come Face-to-Face. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/photographer-and-leopard-seal-come-face-face/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Transportation Security Administration’s Office of Intelligence: Responses to Posthearing Questions Regarding Secure Flight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soma VM (2016) A particle filter methodology for salient object detection in videos. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J, Maheshwari S (2017) With a ‘Roseanne’ Revival and the Backstreet Boys, ABC Mines the Past. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott 2000; Tan and Lü 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tan and Lü 2014)
Three or more authors: (Zilony et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Empirica
Abbreviation	Empirica
ISSN (print)	0340-8744
ISSN (online)	1573-6911
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development