How to format your references using the Emerging Themes in Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hengartner MO. Apoptosis. DNA destroyers. Nature. 2001;412:27, 29.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gardner KH, Correa F. Plant science. How plants see the invisible. Science. 2012;335:1451–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. He X, Gao L, Ma N. One-step instant synthesis of protein-conjugated quantum dots at room temperature. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kaspar BK, Lladó J, Sherkat N, Rothstein JD, Gage FH. Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Science. 2003;301:839–42.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. da Silva FSC, Agustí-Cullell J. Knowledge Coordination. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Makeham J, editor. Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Quttineh N-H, Larsson T, Lundberg K, Holmberg K. Effect Oriented Planning of Joint Attacks. In: Migdalas A, Sifaleras A, Georgiadis CK, Papathanasiou J, Stiakakis E, editors. Optimization Theory, Decision Making, and Operations Research Applications: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium and 10th Balkan Conference on Operational Research. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 49–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emerging Themes in Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. How Hubble’s Successor Will Give Us A Glimpse Into The Very First Galaxies [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-hubble-s-successor-will-give-us-glimpse-very-first-galaxies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Grant Programs: Design Features Shape Flexibility, Accountability, and Performance Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Jun. Report No.: GGD-98-137.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Wester AM. Readers’ trust, socio-demographic, and acuity influences in citizen journalism credibility for disrupted online newspapers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Jerry Coleman, 89, Yankee Infielder, Fighter Pilot and Voice of the Padres. New York Times. 2014 Jan 7;A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emerging Themes in Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Emerg. Themes Epidemiol.
ISSN (online)	1742-7622
Scope	Epidemiology

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