How to format your references using the Emerging Themes in Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Cyranoski D. The changing face of industry. Nature. 2015;528:S184-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Tan Y, Luo Z-Q. Legionella pneumophila SidD is a deAMPylase that modifies Rab1. Nature. 2011;475:506–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Arora PK, Srivastava A, Singh VP. Degradation of 4-chloro-3-nitrophenol via a novel intermediate, 4-chlororesorcinol by Pseudomonas sp. JHN. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4475.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Chan P, Lucio-Martinez I, Mo X, Simon C, Tittel W. Performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Vanclef J. The Wealth Code 2.0. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Münch J, Vierimaa M, editors. Product-Focused Software Process Improvement: 7th International Conference, PROFES 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 12-14, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Meadows L. OpenMP 3.0 – A Preview of the Upcoming Standard. In: Perrott R, Chapman BM, Subhlok J, Mello RF de, Yang LT, editors. High Performance Computing and Communications: Third International Conference, HPCC 2007, Houston, USA, September 26-28, 2007 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 4–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emerging Themes in Epidemiology.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. What Happens When You Add A Drop Of Liquid Nitrogen To Gasoline? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/what-happens-when-you-add-drop-liquid-nitrogen-gasoline/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Traffic Congestion: Activities to Reduce Travel Demand and Air Pollution Are Not Widely Implemented. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Nov. Report No.: PEMD-93-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ku Y. Dealing with historical issues in Japan and Germany: Ruling coalitions, transnational activism, and conservative reaction [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodara S. A Painter of Clouds, Revisited. New York Times. 2015 Nov 15;CT8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Emerging Themes in Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Emerg. Themes Epidemiol.
ISSN (online)	1742-7622
Scope	Epidemiology