How to format your references using the Emerging Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Emerging Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schwab ME. Repairing the injured spinal cord. Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1029–31.

A journal article with 2 authors

McGurk L, Bonini NM. Cell biology. Yeast informs Alzheimer’s disease. Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1212–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li C, Zhou A, Sang T. Rice domestication by reducing shattering. Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1936–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bae SH, Bae KH, Kim JA, Seo YS. RPA governs endonuclease switching during processing of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes. Nature. 2001 Jul 26;412(6845):456–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Studer Q. Results that Last. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Bursi OS, Wagg D, editors. Modern Testing Techniques for Structural Systems: Dynamics and Control. Vienna: Springer; 2008. VII, 342 p. (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences; vol. 502).

A chapter in an edited book

Yuz JI, Goodwin GC. Incremental Sampled-Data Models. In: Goodwin GC, editor. Sampled-Data Models for Linear and Nonlinear Systems. London: Springer; 2014. p. 39–45. (Communications and Control Engineering).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Cannibal Supernova Eats Companion Star. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/supernova-engulfs-companion-star/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Relationship of Contractor and Grantee ADP Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 May. Report No.: 092981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gauen KE. The impact of the Instructional Practices Inventory at an Illinois middle school [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis G. Opera of the Soul, Sparsely Staged. New York Times. 2012 Dec 18;0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	Emerg. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
Scope	Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)